System and method for a six-primary wide gamut color system

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for a multi-primary color system for display. A multi-primary color system increases the number of primary colors available in a color system and color system equipment. Increasing the number of primary colors reduces metameric errors from viewer to viewer. A six-primary color system includes Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Yellow, and Magenta primaries. The systems of the present invention maintain compatibility with existing color systems and equipment and provide systems for backwards compatibility with older color systems.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/406,676, filed Aug. 19, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 17/182,775, filed Feb. 23, 2021, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/831,157, filed Mar.26, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/659,307, filed Oct. 21, 2019, which is related to and claims priorityfrom U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/876,878, filed Jul. 22,2019, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/847,630, filed May 14,2019, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/805,705, filed Feb. 14,2019, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/750,673, filed Oct.25, 2018, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to color systems, and more specifically toa wide gamut color system with an increased number of primary colors.

2. Description of the Prior Art

It is generally known in the prior art to provide for an increased colorgamut system within a display.

Prior art patent documents include the following:

U.S. Pat. No. 10,222,263 for RGB value calculation device by inventorYasuyuki Shigezane, filed Feb. 6, 2017 and issued Mar. 5, 2019, isdirected to a microcomputer that equally divides the circumference of anRGB circle into 6×n (n is an integer of 1 or more) parts, and calculatesan RGB value of each divided color. (255, 0, 0) is stored as a referenceRGB value of a reference color in a ROM in the microcomputer. Themicrocomputer converts the reference RGB value depending on an angulardifference of the RGB circle between a designated color whose RGB valueis to be found and the reference color, and assumes the converted RGBvalue as an RGB value of the designated color.

U.S. Pat. No. 9,373,305 for Semiconductor device, image processingsystem and program by inventor Hiorfumi Kawaguchi, filed May 29, 2015and issued Jun. 21, 2016, is directed to an image process deviceincluding a display panel operable to provide an input interface forreceiving an input of an adjustment value of at least a part of colorattributes of each vertex of n axes (n is an integer equal to or greaterthan 3) serving as adjustment axes in an RGB color space, and anadjustment data generation unit operable to calculate the degree ofinfluence indicative of a following index of each of the n-axisvertices, for each of the n axes, on a basis of distance between each ofthe n-axis vertices and a target point which is an arbitrary latticepoint in the RGB color space, and operable to calculate adjustedcoordinates of the target point in the RGB color space.

U. S. Publication No. 20130278993 for Color-mixing bi-primary colorsystems for displays by inventor Heikenfeld, et. al, filed Sep. 1, 2011and published Oct. 24, 2013, is directed to a display pixel. The pixelincludes first and second substrates arranged to define a channel. Afluid is located within the channel and includes a first colorant and asecond colorant. The first colorant has a first charge and a color. Thesecond colorant has a second charge that is opposite in polarity to thefirst charge and a color that is complimentary to the color of the firstcolorant. A first electrode, with a voltage source, is operably coupledto the fluid and configured to moving one or both of the first andsecond colorants within the fluid and alter at least one spectralproperty of the pixel.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,599,226 for Device and method of data conversion forwide gamut displays by inventor Ben-Chorin, et. al, filed Feb. 13, 2012and issued Dec. 3, 2013, is directed to a method and system forconverting color image data from a, for example, three-dimensional colorspace format to a format usable by an n-primary display, wherein n isgreater than or equal to 3. The system may define a two-dimensionalsub-space having a plurality of two-dimensional positions, each positionrepresenting a set of n primary color values and a third, scaleablecoordinate value for generating an n-primary display input signal.Furthermore, the system may receive a three-dimensional color spaceinput signal including out-of range pixel data not reproducible by athree-primary additive display, and may convert the data to side gamutcolor image pixel data suitable for driving the wide gamut colordisplay.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,081,835 for Multiprimary color sub-pixel rendering withmetameric filtering by inventor Elliot, et. al, filed Jul. 13, 2010 andissued Dec. 20, 2011, is directed to systems and methods of renderingimage data to multiprimary displays that adjusts image data acrossmetamers as herein disclosed. The metamer filtering may be based uponinput image content and may optimize sub-pixel values to improve imagerendering accuracy or perception. The optimizations may be madeaccording to many possible desired effects. One embodiment comprises adisplay system comprising: a display, said display capable of selectingfrom a set of image data values, said set comprising at least onemetamer; an input image data unit; a spatial frequency detection unit,said spatial frequency detection unit extracting a spatial frequencycharacteristic from said input image data; and a selection unit, saidunit selecting image data from said metamer according to said spatialfrequency characteristic.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,916,939 for High brightness wide gamut display byinventor Roth, et. al, filed Nov. 30, 2009 and issued Mar. 29, 2011, isdirected to a device to produce a color image, the device including acolor filtering arrangement to produce at least four colors, each colorproduced by a filter on a color filtering mechanism having a relativesegment size, wherein the relative segment sizes of at least two of theprimary colors differ.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,769,772 for Six color display apparatus having increasedcolor gamut by inventor Roddy, et. al, filed Oct. 11, 2002 and issuedAug. 3, 2004, is directed to a display system for digital color imagesusing six color light sources or two or more multicolor LED arrays orOLEDs to provide an expanded color gamut. Apparatus uses two or morespatial light modulators, which may be cycled between two or more colorlight sources or LED arrays to provide a six-color display output.Pairing of modulated colors using relative luminance helps to minimizeflicker effects.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of this invention to provide an enhancement to thecurrent RGB systems or a replacement for them.

In one embodiment, the present invention is a system for displaying asix primary color system, including a set of image data, wherein the setof image data is comprised of a first set of color channel data and asecond set of color channel data, wherein the set of image data furtherincludes a bit level, an image data converter, wherein the image dataconverter includes a digital interface, wherein the digital interface isoperable to encode and decode the set of image data, at least onetransfer function (TF) for processing the set of image data, a set ofSession Description Protocol (SDP) parameters, wherein the set of SDPparameters is modifiable, at least one display device, wherein the atleast one display device and the image data converter are in networkcommunication, wherein the image data converter is operable to convertthe bit level of the set of image data, thereby creating an updated bitlevel, wherein the image data converter is operable to convert the setof image data for display on the at least one display device, whereinonce the set of image data has been converted by the image dataconverter for the at least one display device, the set of SDP parametersis modified based on the conversion, and wherein the at least onedisplay device is operable to display a six-primary color system basedon the set of image data, such that the SDP parameters indicate that theset of image data being displayed on the at least one display device isusing a six-primary color system.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a system for displayinga six-primary color system, including a set of image data, wherein theset of image data includes a first set of color channel data and asecond set of color channel data, wherein the set of image data includesa bit level, a magenta primary value, wherein the magenta primary valueis derived from the set of image data, an image data converter, whereinthe image data converter includes a digital interface, wherein thedigital interface is operable to encode and decode the set of imagedata, at least one transfer function (TF) for processing the set ofimage data, a set of Session Description Protocol (SDP) parameters,wherein the set of SDP parameters is modifiable, at least one displaydevice, wherein the at least one display device and the image dataconverter are in network communication, wherein the image data converteris operable to convert the bit level for the set of image data to a newbit level, wherein the at least one data converter is operable toconvert the set of image data for display on the at least one displaydevice, wherein once the set of image data has been converted for the atleast one display device, the set of SDP parameters is modified based onthe conversion, and wherein the at least one display device is operableto display a six-primary color system based on the set of image data,such that the SDP parameters indicate the magenta primary value and thatthe set of image data being displayed on the at least one display deviceis using a six-primary color system.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention is a system fordisplaying a set of image data using a six-primary color system,including a set of image data, wherein the set of image data includes abit level, a magenta primary value, wherein the magenta primary value isderived from the set of image data, an image data converter, wherein theimage data converter includes a digital interface, wherein the digitalinterface is operable to encode and decode the set of image data, atleast one transfer function (TF) for processing the set of image data, aset of Session Description Protocol (SDP) parameters, wherein the set ofSDP parameters is modifiable, at least one electronic luminancecomponent, wherein the electronic luminance component is derived fromthe set of image data, at least one display device, wherein the at leastone display device and the image data converter are in networkcommunication, wherein the image data converter is operable to convertthe set of image data to a new bit level, wherein the image dataconverter is operable to convert the set of image data for display onthe at least one display device, wherein once the set of image data hasbeen converted for the at least one display device, the set of SDPparameters is modified based on the conversion, and wherein the at leastone display device is operable to display a six-primary color systembased on the set of image data, such that the SDP parameters indicatethe magenta primary value, the at least one electronic luminancecomponent, and that the set of image data being displayed on the atleast one display device is using a six-primary color system.

These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent tothose skilled in the art after a reading of the following description ofthe preferred embodiment when considered with the drawings, as theysupport the claimed invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed incolor. Copies of this patent or patent application publication withcolor drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and paymentof the necessary fee.

FIG. 1 illustrates color spectrum.

FIG. 2 illustrates an adaptive optics view of the mosaic of L (red), M(green), and S (blue) cones in four human subjects with normal colorvision.

FIG. 3A illustrates the spectral output of an LCD display using a CCFLbacklight and a simulation of what Viewer A is sensitive to.

FIG. 3B illustrates the spectral output of an LCD display using a CCFLbacklight and a simulation of what Viewer B is sensitive to.

FIG. 4A illustrates a spectral output of a laser driven display usingdiscrete RGB laser emitters and a simulation of what Viewer A issensitive to, where the display is using an ITU-R BT.2020 gamut.

FIG. 4B illustrates a spectral output of a laser driven display usingdiscrete RGB laser emitters and a simulation of what Viewer B issensitive to, where the display is using an ITU-R BT.2020 gamut.

FIG. 5 illustrates how a display simulates color using the Commission onIllumination (CIE 1976) color space shown as L*a*b.

FIG. 6 illustrates a comparison of the ITU-R BT.2020 color gamut to thePointer data set of real colors.

FIG. 7 illustrates a comparison of the ITU-R BT.709-6 color gamut to thePointer data set of real colors.

FIG. 8 illustrates the CYM hue angles added to a legacy RGB color gamutbased on equal saturation defined by ITU-R BT.709-6.

FIG. 9 illustrates a RGBCYM system based on the ITU-R BT.709-6 colorsaturation shown over the Pointer data set of real colors.

FIG. 10A illustrates a comparison of the overall gamut values between asix-primary system and an ITU-R BT.2020 system, with estimateddifferences between spectral displayed outputs.

FIG. 10B illustrates an RGBCYM system based on ITU-R BR 709 ColorSaturation (6P-B).

FIG. 10C illustrates the ITU-R BR.2020 spectral recommendation.

FIG. 10D illustrates the ITU-R BT.2020 system. In one embodiment, thewhite point is a D60 white point

FIG. 11 illustrates a RGBCYM system based on ITU-R BT.709 colorsaturation compared to ITU-R BT.2020.

FIG. 12 illustrates a comparison between ITU-R BT.709, SMPTE RP431-2,and ITU-R BT.2020 color gamuts.

FIG. 13 illustrates the Pointer color data set with a six-primary colorsystem based on SMPTE RP431-2 saturation and ITU-R BT.2020 superimposed.

FIG. 14 illustrates a RGBCYM system compared to a Sony S gamut, ArriAWG, and ACES AP0.

FIG. 15 illustrates the workflow to use a six-primary color system usinga new input transfer transform.

FIG. 16A illustrates a mosaic filter configuration using a magentafilter for the present invention.

FIG. 16B illustrates a mosaic filter configuration not using a magentafilter for the present invention.

FIG. 17 illustrates an expansion to the demuxing process to handle theplacement of additional color elements.

FIG. 18 illustrates a signal inversion process in a single imagercamera.

FIG. 19 illustrates a prism made up of three glass elements and twodichroic filters.

FIG. 20 illustrates a prism design for a six-imager camera for use in asix-primary color system.

FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of an encode and decode system for asix-primary color system.

FIG. 22 illustrates a sequential method where three color primaries arepassed to the transport format as full bit level image data and insertedas normal.

FIG. 23 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color system encodeusing a 4:4:4 sampling method.

FIG. 24 illustrates one embodiment for a method to package six channelsof primary information into the three standard primary channels used incurrent serial video standards by modifying bit numbers for a 12-bit SDIand a 10-bit SDI.

FIG. 25 illustrates a simplified diagram estimating perceived viewersensation as code values define each hue angle.

FIG. 26 illustrates one embodiment for a method of stacking/encodingsix-primary color information using a 4:4:4 video system.

FIG. 27 illustrates one embodiment for a method of unstacking/decodingsix-primary color information using a 4:4:4 video system.

FIG. 28 illustrates one embodiment of a 4:4:4 decoder for a six-primarycolor system.

FIG. 29 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention for sendingsix primary colors to a standardized transport format.

FIG. 30 illustrates one embodiment of a decode process adding a pixeldelay to the RGB data for realigning the channels to a common pixeltiming.

FIG. 31 illustrates one embodiment of an encode process for 4:2:2 videofor packaging five channels of information into the standardthree-channel designs.

FIG. 32 illustrates one embodiment for a non-constant luminance encodefor a six-primary color system.

FIG. 33 illustrates one embodiment of a packaging process for asix-primary color system.

FIG. 34 illustrates a 4:2:2 unstack process for a six-primary colorsystem.

FIG. 35 illustrates one embodiment of a process to inversely quantizeeach individual color and pass the data through an electronic opticalfunction transfer (EOTF) in a non-constant luminance system.

FIG. 36 illustrates one embodiment of a constant luminance encode for asix-primary color system.

FIG. 37 illustrates one embodiment of a constant luminance decode for asix-primary color system.

FIG. 38 illustrates one example of 4:2:2 non-constant luminanceencoding. (illustrates one embodiment for channeling six-primary colorsystem output into a standard SMPTE ST292 serial system.)

FIG. 39 illustrates one embodiment of a non-constant luminance decodingsystem.

FIG. 40 illustrates one embodiment of a 4:2:2 constant luminanceencoding system.

FIG. 41 illustrates one embodiment of a 4:2:2 constant luminancedecoding system.

FIG. 42 illustrates a raster encoding diagram of sample placements for asix-primary color system.

FIG. 43 illustrates one embodiment of the six-primary color unstackprocess in a 4:2:2 video system.

FIG. 44 illustrates one embodiment of mapping input to the six-primarycolor system unstack process.

FIG. 45 illustrates one embodiment of mapping the output of asix-primary color system decoder.

FIG. 46 illustrates one embodiment of mapping the RGB decode for asix-primary color system.

FIG. 47 illustrates one embodiment of six-primary color output using anon-constant luminance decoder.

FIG. 48 illustrates one embodiment of a legacy RGB process within asix-primary color system.

FIG. 49 illustrates one embodiment of an unstack system for asix-primary color system.

FIG. 50 illustrates one embodiment of a legacy RGB decoder for asix-primary, non-constant luminance system.

FIG. 51 illustrates one embodiment of a legacy RGB decoder for asix-primary, constant luminance system.

FIG. 52 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color system withoutput to a legacy RGB system.

FIG. 53 illustrates one embodiment of packing six-primary color systemimage data into an ICTCP (ITP) format.

FIG. 54 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color systemconverting RGBCYM image data into XYZ image data for an ITP format.

FIG. 55 illustrates one embodiment of six-primary color mapping withSMPTE ST424.

FIG. 56 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color system readoutfor a SMPTE ST424 standard.

FIG. 57 illustrates one embodiment for mapping RGBCYM data to the SMPTEST2082 standard for a six-primary color system.

FIG. 58 illustrates one embodiment for mapping Y_(RGB) Y_(CYM) C_(R)C_(B) C_(C) C_(Y) data to the SMPTE ST2082 standard for a six-primarycolor system.

FIG. 59 illustrates one embodiment for mapping six-primary color systemdata using the SMPTE ST292 standard.

FIG. 60 illustrates one embodiment of the readout for a six-primarycolor system using the SMPTE ST292 standard.

FIG. 61 illustrates modifications to the SMPTE ST352 standards for asix-primary color system.

FIG. 62 illustrates modifications to the SMPTE ST2022 standard for asix-primary color system.

FIG. 63 illustrates a table of 4:4:4 sampling for a six-primary colorsystem for a 10-bit video system.

FIG. 64 illustrates a table of 4:4:4 sampling for a six-primary colorsystem for a 12-bit video system.

FIG. 65 illustrates sequence substitutions for 10-bit and 12-bit videoin 4:2:2 sampling systems in a Y Cb Cr Cc Cy color space.

FIG. 66 illustrates sample placements of six-primary system componentsfor a 4:2:2 sampling system image.

FIG. 67 illustrates sequence substitutions for 10-bit and 12-bit videoin 4:2:0 sampling systems using a Y Cb Cr Cc Cy color space.

FIG. 68 illustrates sample placements of six-primary system componentsfor a 4:2:0 sampling system image.

FIG. 69 illustrates modifications to SMPTE ST2110-20 for a 10-bitsix-primary color system in 4:4:4 video.

FIG. 70 illustrates modifications to SMPTE ST2110-20 for a 12-bitsix-primary color system in 4:4:4 video.

FIG. 71 illustrates modifications to SMPTE ST2110-20 for a 10-bit sixprimary color system in 4:2:2 video

FIG. 72 illustrates modifications to SMPTE ST2110-20 for a 12-bitsix-primary color system in 4:2:0 video.

FIG. 73 illustrates a RGB sampling transmission for a 4:4:4 samplingsystem.

FIG. 74 illustrates a RGBCYM sampling transmission for a 4:4:4 samplingsystem.

FIG. 75 illustrates an example of System 2 to RGBCYM 4:4:4 transmission.

FIG. 76 illustrates a Y Cb Cr sampling transmission using a 4:2:2sampling system.

FIG. 77 illustrates a Y Cr Cb Cc Cy sampling transmission using a 4:2:2sampling system.

FIG. 78 illustrates an example of a System 2 to Y Cr Cb Cc Cy 4:2:2Transmission as non-constant luminance.

FIG. 79 illustrates a Y Cb Cr sampling transmission using a 4:2:0sampling system.

FIG. 80 illustrates a Y Cr Cb Cc Cy sampling transmission using a 4:2:0sampling system.

FIG. 81 illustrates a dual stack LCD projection system for a six-primarycolor system.

FIG. 82 illustrates one embodiment of a single projector.

FIG. 83 illustrates a six-primary color system using a single projectorand reciprocal mirrors.

FIG. 84 illustrates a dual stack DMD projection system for a six-primarycolor system.

FIG. 85 illustrates one embodiment of a single DMD projector solution.

FIG. 86 illustrates one embodiment of a color filter array for asix-primary color system with a white OLED monitor.

FIG. 87 illustrates one embodiment of an optical filter array for asix-primary color system with a white OLED monitor.

FIG. 88 illustrates one embodiment of a matrix of an LCD drive for asix-primary color system with a backlight illuminated LCD monitor.

FIG. 89 illustrates one embodiment of an optical filter array for asix-primary color system with a backlight illuminated LCD monitor.

FIG. 90 illustrates an array for a Quantum Dot (QD) display device.

FIG. 91 illustrates one embodiment of an array for a six-primary colorsystem for use with a direct emissive assembled display.

FIG. 92 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color system in anemissive display that does not incorporate color filtered subpixels.

FIG. 93 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the inventionillustrating a computer system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is generally directed to a six-primary colorsystem.

In one embodiment, the present invention is a system for displaying asix primary color system, including a set of image data, wherein the setof image data is comprised of a first set of color channel data and asecond set of color channel data, wherein the set of image data furtherincludes a bit level, an image data converter, wherein the image dataconverter includes a digital interface, wherein the digital interface isoperable to encode and decode the set of image data, at least onetransfer function (TF) for processing the set of image data, a set ofSession Description Protocol (SDP) parameters, wherein the set of SDPparameters is modifiable, at least one display device, wherein the atleast one display device and the image data converter are in networkcommunication, wherein the image data converter is operable to convertthe bit level of the set of image data, thereby creating an updated bitlevel, wherein the image data converter is operable to convert the setof image data for display on the at least one display device, whereinonce the set of image data has been converted by the image dataconverter for the at least one display device, the set of SDP parametersis modified based on the conversion, and wherein the at least onedisplay device is operable to display a six-primary color system basedon the set of image data, such that the SDP parameters indicate that theset of image data being displayed on the at least one display device isusing a six-primary color system. In one embodiment, the first set ofcolor channel data is a set of values for red (R), green (G), and blue(B) (collectively “RGB”) primaries and the second set of color channeldata is a set of values for cyan (C), yellow (Y), and magenta (M)(collectively “CYM”) primaries. In one embodiment, the bit level of theset of image data is 12 bits, wherein the image data converter remapsthe bit level to 11 bits using the at least one TF, wherein the outputfrom the at least one TF includes the updated bit level, wherein theupdated bit level is 11 bits. In one embodiment, the bit level of theset of image data is 10 bits, wherein the image data converter remapsthe bit level to 9 bits using the at least one TF, wherein the outputfrom the at least one TF includes the updated bit level, wherein theupdated bit level is 9 bits. In another embodiment, the system includesa set of saturation data corresponding to the set of image data, whereinthe saturation data is calculated using the first set of color channeldata, the second set of color channel data, and an illuminant whitepoint, wherein the illuminant white point is the Standard Illuminant D65(D65) white point, wherein the saturation data is used to extend a setof hue angles for the first set of color channel data and the second setof color channel data, wherein extending the hue angles produces anupdated set of image data with equal saturation values. In yet anotherembodiment, the first set of color channel data includes a first bitvalue defining black and a second bit value defining white, wherein thesecond set of color channel data includes a third bit value definingblack and a fourth bit level defining white, wherein the TF is operableto redefine the first bit value defining black, the second bit leveldefining white, the third bit level defining black, and the fourth bitlevel defining white. In yet another embodiment, the set of SDPparameters is modified to include data corresponding to the first set ofcolor channel data and the second set of color channel data, wherein thefirst set of color channel data is a set of values for RGB primaries andthe second set of color channel data is a set of values for CYMprimaries. In yet another embodiment, the digital interface encodes anddecodes the set of image data using at least one color differencecomponent, wherein the at least one color difference component isoperable for up-sampling and/or down-sampling.

In another embodiment, the present invention is a system for displayinga six-primary color system, including a set of image data, wherein theset of image data includes a first set of color channel data and asecond set of color channel data, wherein the set of image data includesa bit level, a magenta primary value, wherein the magenta primary valueis derived from the set of image data, an image data converter, whereinthe image data converter includes a digital interface, wherein thedigital interface is operable to encode and decode the set of imagedata, at least one transfer function (TF) for processing the set ofimage data, a set of Session Description Protocol (SDP) parameters,wherein the set of SDP parameters is modifiable, at least one displaydevice, wherein the at least one display device and the image dataconverter are in network communication, wherein the image data converteris operable to convert the bit level for the set of image data to a newbit level, wherein the at least one data converter is operable toconvert the set of image data for display on the at least one displaydevice, wherein once the set of image data has been converted for the atleast one display device, the set of SDP parameters is modified based onthe conversion, and wherein the at least one display device is operableto display a six-primary color system based on the set of image data,such that the SDP parameters indicate the magenta primary value and thatthe set of image data being displayed on the at least one display deviceis using a six-primary color system. In one embodiment, the first set ofcolor channel data is a set of values for red (R), green (G), and blue(B) (collectively “RGB”) primaries and the second set of color channeldata is a set of values for cyan (C), yellow (Y), and magenta (M)(collectively “CYM”) primaries, wherein the M primary value iscalculated based on values for R and B from the first set of colorchannel data. In one embodiment, the first set of color channel datadefines a first minimum color luminance and a first maximum colorluminance, wherein the second set of color channel data defines a secondminimum color luminance and a second maximum color luminance. In anotherembodiment, the at least one TF quantizes the bit level of the set ofimage data to a lower bit level, thereby creating an updated bit levelfor the set of image data. In another embodiment, a peak brightness anda minimum brightness are calculated for the first set of color channeldata and the second set of color channel data. In another embodiment,the system includes a standardized transport format, wherein thestandardized transport format is operable to receive the first set ofimage data and the second set of image data as a combined set of imagedata, wherein the combined set of image data has a combined bit levelequal to the bit level for the set of image data. In yet anotherembodiment, the SDP parameters include the first set of color channeldata, the second set of color channel data, mapping data for the set ofimage data, framerate data for the set of image data, a samplingstandard for the set of image data, a flag indicator, an active picturesize code, a timestamp for the set of image data, a clock frequency forthe set of image data, a frame count for the set of image data, ascrambling indicator, and/or a video format indicator. In yet anotherembodiment, the system includes a set of saturation data correspondingto the set of image data, wherein the saturation data is calculatedusing the first set of color channel data, the second set of colorchannel data, and an illuminant white point, wherein the illuminantwhite point is the Standard Illuminant D60 (D60) white point. In yetanother embodiment, the at least one TF is an electronic optical TF(EOTF). In yet another embodiment, the magenta primary value is notdefined as a wavelength.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention is a system fordisplaying a set of image data using a six-primary color system,including a set of image data, wherein the set of image data includes abit level, a magenta primary value, wherein the magenta primary value isderived from the set of image data, an image data converter, wherein theimage data converter includes a digital interface, wherein the digitalinterface is operable to encode and decode the set of image data, atleast one transfer function (TF) for processing the set of image data, aset of Session Description Protocol (SDP) parameters, wherein the set ofSDP parameters is modifiable, at least one electronic luminancecomponent, wherein the electronic luminance component is derived fromthe set of image data, at least one display device, wherein the at leastone display device and the image data converter are in networkcommunication, wherein the image data converter is operable to convertthe set of image data to a new bit level, wherein the image dataconverter is operable to convert the set of image data for display onthe at least one display device, wherein once the set of image data hasbeen converted for the at least one display device, the set of SDPparameters is modified based on the conversion, and wherein the at leastone display device is operable to display a six-primary color systembased on the set of image data, such that the SDP parameters indicatethe magenta primary value, the at least one electronic luminancecomponent, and that the set of image data being displayed on the atleast one display device is using a six-primary color system. In oneembodiment, the at least one electronic luminance component is notcalculated within the at least one display. In one embodiment, the setof image data includes red (R), green (G), blue (B), cyan (C), yellow(Y), and magenta (M) color primary values, wherein the magenta primaryvalue is calculated based on the R and B color primary values. In oneembodiment, the at least one TF is an optical optical TF (OOTF). Inanother embodiment, the system further includes a sampling system,wherein the sampling system is a 4:4:4 sampling system, wherein thesampling system includes a bit for black and a bit for white, whereinthe bit for black and the bit for white are operable to redefined withinthe sampling system. In another embodiment, the bit level for the set ofimage data is 12 bits. In another embodiment, the bit level for the setof image data is 10 bits. In yet another embodiment, the image dataconverter encoding and decoding are based on the ITU-R BT.709 colorspace. In yet another embodiment, the image data converter encoding anddecoding are based on the SMPTE RP431-2 color space. In yet anotherembodiment, the set of image data is converted by the image dataconverter in real-time and/or near real-time. In yet another embodiment,the digital interface includes payload identification (ID) metadata,wherein the payload ID metadata is operable to identify the set of imagedata as a six-primary color set of image data.

The present invention relates to color systems. A multitude of colorsystems are known, but they continue to suffer numerous issues. Asimaging technology is moving forward, there has been a significantinterest in expanding the range of colors that are replicated onelectronic displays. Enhancements to the television system have expandedfrom the early CCIR 601 standard to ITU-R BT.709-6, to SMPTE RP431-2,and now ITU-R BT.2020. Each one has increased the latitude of visiblecolors by expanding the distance from the reference white point to theposition of the Red (R), Green (G), and Blue (B) color primaries(collectively known as “RGB”). While this approach works, it has severaldisadvantages. When implemented in areas of content creation, issuesarise due to the technical methods used to expand viewer sensation(typically using a more-narrow emissive spectrum) can cause viewermetameric errors and require increased power due to a series ofilluminant inefficiencies. These issues increase both capital andoperational costs.

With the current available technologies, displays are extremely limitedin respect to their range of color and light output. Moreover, displaysdo not operate in the same way our eyes do, which has led to a number ofmisconceptions regarding how viewers interpret the display output versusreal-world sensations viewed with the human eye. The property that letshumans see more than just the three emitting primary colors is referredto as Dominant Wavelength and is a sensation where the eye cannot view acolor as two separate frequencies. Humans interpret the radiant energy(spectrum and amplitude) from a display and process it so that anindividual color is perceived. The display does not emit a color or aspecific wavelength that directly relates to the sensation of color. Itsimply radiates energy at the same spectrum which humans sense as lightand color. It is the observer who interprets this energy as arepresentation of color.

There are three primary physical variables that affect sensation ofcolor. These are the spectral distribution of radiant energy as it isabsorbed into the retina, the sensitivity of the eye in relation to theintensity of light landing on the retinal pigment epithelium, and thedistribution of cones within the photomicrographic part of the retina.The distribution of cones (e.g., L cones, M cones, and S cones) variesconsiderably from person to person.

Enhancements in brightness have been accomplished through largerbacklights or higher efficiency phosphors. Wider dynamic range has beendealt with using new electronic optical transfer functions accompaniedby enhancements to brightness technology, while color gamuts areenhanced by using narrow bandwidth emissions. By limiting the bandwidth,the viewer experiences the sensation of deeper color saturation. Butthere is a disconnect between how the standards specify saturation andhow a display emits this. What is believed to occur when changingsaturation is that increasing color values of a color primary representsan increase to saturation. This is not true, as changing saturationrequires the variance of a color primary spectral output as parametric.There are no variable spectrum displays available to date as thetechnology to do so has not been commercially developed, nor has the newinfrastructure required to support this been discussed.

Instead, the method that a display changes for viewer color sensation isby changing color luminance. As data values increase, the color primarygets brighter. Changes to color saturation are accomplished by varyingthe brightness of all three primaries and taking advantage of thedominant color theory.

Expanding color primaries beyond RGB has been discussed before. Therehave been numerous designs of multi-primary displays. For example, SHARPhas attempted this with their four-color QUATTRON TV systems by adding ayellow color primary and developing an algorithm to drive it. Anotherfour primary color display was proposed by Matthew Brennesholtz whichincluded an additional cyan primary, and a six primary display wasdescribed by Yan Xiong, Fei Deng, Shan Xu, and Sufang Gao of the Schoolof Physics and Optoelectric Engineering at the Yangtze UniversityJingzhou China. In addition, AU OPTRONICS has developed a five primarydisplay technology. SONY has also recently disclosed a camera designfeaturing RGBCMY (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and yellow) andRGBCMYW (red, green, blue cyan, magenta, yellow, and white) sensors.

Actual working displays have been shown publicly as far back as the late1990's, including samples from Tokyo Polytechnic University, Nagoya CityUniversity, and Genoa Technologies. However, all of these systems areexclusive to their displays, and any additional color primaryinformation is limited to the display's internal processing.

None of the prior art discloses developing additional color primaryinformation outside of the display. Moreover, the system driving thedisplay is often proprietary to the demonstration. In each of theseexecutions, nothing in the workflow is included to acquire or generateadditional color primary information. The development of a six-primarycolor system is not practical if the only part of the system thatsupports the added primaries is within the display itself.

Referring now to the drawings in general, the illustrations are for thepurpose of describing one or more preferred embodiments of the inventionand are not intended to limit the invention thereto.

FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a color spectrum. The color spectrumcan be stated as a photometric measurement, indicating the presence often distinct colors, and a radiometric measurement, wherein there arethree combined spectral measurements present. Colors on the spectruminclude, but are not limited to red (R), blue (B), green (G), cyan (C),yellow (Y), and magenta (M).

FIG. 2 illustrates an adaptive optics view of the mosaic of L cones(shown in red), M cones (shown in green), and S cones (shown in blue) infour human subjects with normal color vision. The ratio of S to L and Mcones is constant but that of L to M cones varies from 1:2.7 (L:M) to16.51:1 (L:M).

FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate spectral output of an LCD display using acold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlight and a simulation of whatViewer A and Viewer B are sensitive to, respectively. The display outputhas a fairly broad spectral distribution (white arrow), so as the viewerlooks at the image, differences in viewer sensitivity can be covered bythis wider spectral distribution output from the display. The coloredarrows show that the majority of the spectrum output falls under thearea of the viewer's sensitivity. This means that the viewer has moreinformation available to judge what that color is and that fewermetamerism issues are present.

FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate spectral output of a laser driven displayusing discrete RGB laser emitters and a simulation of what each vieweris sensitive to, where the display is using an ITU-R BT.2020 gamut. Asshown from the colored arrows, the level of sensitivity for each colorprimary emission crosses a very different level between the two viewers.Also illustrated by the purple arrows are large gaps in the outputspectrum where no radiant energy is emitted. This leaves far lessinformation available to determine the color. This means that when thecolor sensation is judged using dominant wavelengths, the viewer hasmuch less information to work with. This results in greater colordiscrepancy from viewer-to-viewer.

FIG. 5 illustrates how a display simulates color using the Commission onIllumination (CIE 1976) color space shown as L*a*b (CIELAB). CIELABcolor space is a color space defined by the International Commission onIllumination (CIE) in 1976. It expresses color as three values: L* forthe lightness from black (0) to white (100), a* from green (−) to red(+), and b* from blue (−) to yellow (+). CIELAB was designed so that thesame amount of numerical change in these values corresponds roughly tothe same amount of visually perceived change. The CIELAB color space istypically used when graphics for print have to be converted from RGB toCMYK, as the CIELAB gamut includes both the gamuts of Red (R), Green(G), and Blue (B) (collectively RGB) and Cyan (C), Magenta (M), Yellow(Y), and Black (K) (collectively CMYK) color models. Because threeparameters are measured, the space itself is a three-dimensional (3D)real number space, allowing for infinitely many possible colors. Inpractice, the space is mapped onto a 3D integer space for digitalrepresentation. Referring to FIG. 5, what an observer thinks whenchanging saturations is that increasing values of a color primaryincrease color saturation (assumption shown on left side of figure).This is not true. Changing saturation requires the variance of a colorprimary spectral output as a parametric. There are no variable spectrumdisplays available to date as the technology to do this has not beencommercially developed. Neither has the new infrastructure required tosupport this even been discussed.

FIG. 6 illustrates a comparison of the ITU-R BT.2020 color gamut to thePointer data set of real colors. ITU-R BT.2020 was designed to make amaximum range of colors within an RGB space. To do this, the standardassigns its color primaries to the edge of the 1931 standard observerlocus. In order to make this work, the color primaries are in effectsingle frequency emitters with center frequencies at 630 nm (Red), 532nm (Green), and 467 nm (Blue). If viewed as CIE 1976, this looks quitelarge and should have a maximum range of color. ITU-R BT.2020 completelycovers all of Pointer's data set. This should also be the goal of a sixprimary system. However, the six primary system should use widebandwidth spectral output to minimize any metamerism issues. ITU-RBT.2020 defines various aspects of ultra-high-definition television(UHDTV) with standard dynamic range (SDR) and wide color gamut (WCG),including picture resolutions, frame rates with progressive scan, bitdepths, color primaries, RGB, luma-chroma color representations, chromasubsampling, and an opto-electronic transfer function. The ITU-R BT.2020color space can reproduce colors that cannot be shown with ITU-R BT.709(HDTV) color space. The RGB primaries used by ITU-R BT.2020 areequivalent to monochromatic light sources on the CIE 1931 spectrallocus.

FIG. 7 illustrates a comparison of the ITU-R BT.709-6 color gamut to thePointer data set of real colors. ITU-R BT.709-6 is the maximum gamutthat can currently be displayed while using wide spectral emissionprimaries, and thus minimizes metameric issues. FIG. 7 also shows that asignificant portion of the Pointer data set is not covered by the ITU-RBT.709-6 standard. ITU-R BT.709 standardizes the format ofhigh-definition television (HDTV), having a 16:9 (widescreen) aspectratio. ITU-R BT.709 refers to HDTV systems having roughly two millionluma samples per frame. ITU-R BT.709 has two parts. Part 1 codifies whatare now referred to as 1035i30 and 1152i25 HDTV systems. The 1035i30system is now obsolete, having been superseded by 1080i and 1080psquare-sampled (“square-pixel”) systems. The 1152i25 system was used forexperimental equipment and was never commercially deployed. Part 2codifies current and prospective 1080i and 1080p systems with squaresampling by defining a common image format (CIF) with picture parametersindependent of the picture rate.

A six-primary color system offers enhancements to the current RGBsystems. It extends current color gamuts to a wider usable color gamutthan currently offered and minimizes metamerisms (i.e., everyone seesthe same color). By doubling the number of primaries, and making theprimaries wide spectrum rather than narrow, viewer metameric errors areminimized.

In one embodiment, the six-primary color system is based on the ITU-RBT.709-6 color system. The ITU-R BT.709-6 color system offers the leastamount of metameric errors due to its limited gamut requirement. Inaddition, the ITU-R BT.709-6 color system makes use of wide spectralenergies, resulting in a more consistent color sensation from viewer toviewer. A six-primary color system using the ITU-R BT.709-6 color systemrequires three additional primary colors: Cyan (C), Yellow (Y), andMagenta (M). It is important to match these additional color primariesto an equal saturation level and establish inverted hue angles of theoriginal ITU-R BT.709-6 RGB primary colors.

In addition, ITU-R BT.709-6 supports picture scanning characteristicsincluding, but not limited to, an order of sample presentation in ascanned system, a total number of lines, field frequency, framefrequency, segment frequency, interlace ratio, picture rate (Hz),samples per full line, nominal analogue signal bandwidths (MHz),sampling frequency (MHz) for RGBY, and/or sampling frequency (MHz) forCb Cr.

Saturation is defined between two coordinates, a white point and a colorprimary. Saturation is calculated as:

S_(uv) = 13[u^(′) − u_(n)^(′))² + (v^(′) − v_(n)^(′))²]^(1/2)

wherein u′ and v′ reference coordinate points in a chromaticity diagram.In one embodiment, the chromaticity diagram is the Commission onIllumination (CIE) 1976 u ‘v’ chromaticity diagram.

In one embodiment, the white point for image is defined as the CIEStandard Illuminant D65 (D65). D65 is a commonly used standardilluminant and is part of the D series illuminants that attempt toportray standard illumination conditions at open-air in different partsof the world. D65 corresponds roughly to the average midday light inWestern and Northern Europe, comprised of both direct sunlight and thelight diffused by a clear sky. As any standard illuminant is representedas a table of averaged spectrophotometric data, any light source whichstatistically has the same relative spectral power distribution (SPD)can be considered a D65 light source.

Saturation values with a D65 white point are as follows:

S_(Red) = 3.61482 S_(Green) = 3.607516 S_(Blue) = 3.618959

The additional primaries for a six-primary color system using the ITU-RBT.709-6 color system are inverted and equidistant from the original RGBprimaries. In order to accomplish this, a hue rotation is necessary. Thehue rotation can be calculated as:

h_(uv) = tan⁻¹(v^(*)/u^(*))

Using the above hue rotation calculation, the following hue angles areproduced:

H_(Red) = 167.823^(∘) H_(Green) = 52.284^(∘) H_(Blue) = 85.874^(∘)

Extending the hue angles to the adjacent side of the gamut locus, andassigning a CYM (S_(CYM)) primary set at approximately a 3.61 saturationvalue results in a balanced six-color primary system.

In one embodiment, the six-primary color system is based on the ITU-RBT.2020 color system. The ITU-R BT.2020 color system is the currentstandardized wide gamut system. This standard assigns its colorprimaries to the edge of the 1931 standard observer locus. In asix-primary color system using this standard, the color primaries aresingle frequency emitters with frequencies centered at 630 nm (Red), 532nm (Green), and 467 nm (Blue). In another embodiment, the six-primarycolor system is based on the ITU-R BT.709 color system. In anotherembodiment, the six-primary color system is based a color system otherthan ITU-R BT.709 or ITU-R BT.2020.

FIG. 8 illustrates the ITU-R BT.709-6 color gamut with CYM hue anglesadded. In addition, a D65 white point is used for the additional hueangles. In another embodiment, the white point is a D60 white point.

FIG. 9 illustrates a RGBCYM system based on the ITU-R BT.709-6 colorsaturation (“6P-B”) shown over the Pointer data set of real colors. TheD65 white point is indicated by the red triangle. This RGBCYM systemcovers six primary colors, with hue angles for Yellow, Cyan, andMagenta. The biggest difference between this coverage and the coverageof ITU-R BT.2020 is that the gamut shown as a six primary system isusing a wide bandwidth set of primaries.

FIG. 10A illustrates a six primary sample spectrum. FIG. 10B illustratesan RGBCYM system based on ITU-R BT.709 Color Saturation (6P-B). FIG. 10Cillustrates the ITU-R BT.2020 spectral recommendation. FIG. 10Dillustrates the ITU-R BT.2020 system. In one embodiment, the white pointis a D60 white point. In another embodiment, the white point is a D65white point.

FIG. 11 illustrates a RGBCYM system based on ITU-R BT.709 colorsaturation compared to ITU-R BT.2020. While the ITU-R BT.2020 systemcovers a larger volume, the areas not covered under a six-primary colorsystem are extreme and do not occur in a normal viewer experience.Moreover, a six-primary color system benefits from a more repeatablecolor sensation between viewers. This repeatability makes a six-primarycolor system advantageous over non six-primary color systems.

White Point Designation

With any three-primary color system, the white point is a separateconsideration regardless of color gamut. This is true in that saturationis defined between two coordinates, white point and color primary. In asix-primary color system, this becomes more complicated. Hue angles forCYM are provided as the inverse vector of RGB (180° hue angle).Therefore, saturation changes must be defined through a three-partcoordinate system. Additionally, in order for the system to functioncorrectly, the white point should lie on a line drawn between twoinverted primary colors. Thus, selection of D65 for a SMPTE RP431-2gamut will not track. The same is true if there is a need to use theSMPTE ST431-1 standard white point.

The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) is aglobal professional association of engineers, technologists, andexecutives working in the media and entertainment industry. The SMPTEhas more than 800 standards, recommended practices, and engineeringguidelines for broadcast, filmmaking, digital cinema, audio recording,information technology (IT), and medical imaging.

Specific primary positions related to that white point are used toimplement this change. Each set of primaries now have a directcorresponding white point that is no longer a variable. There are threewhite points normally used for production. These are D65, D60, and thewhite point designated in SMPTE ST431-1. The SMPTE standard white pointdoes not have a CIE/ISO spectral description, only a coordinatedesignation. D65 is described in spectral terms in CIE/ISO 11664-2 andformally in ISO 10526-1991. D60 is derived by linear interpolation basedon the D65 spectral standard as:

${x_{D60} = {0{.244}}},{063 + {0.09911\frac{10^{3}}{60}} + {2.967}},{{8\frac{10^{6}}{60^{2}}} - {{4.6}07}},{0\frac{10^{9}}{60^{3}}},{y_{D60} = {{{- {3.0}}00x_{D60}^{2}} + {{2.8}70x_{D60}} - {{0.2}75}}}$

These two white points are designated as D65 for television productionand D60 for film production. Thus, one separate set of color primariesis designated for each application and each system has one individualmatrix solution. TABLE 1 is the color space for D65 white point, whichassumes ITU-R BT.709 saturation. TABLE 2 is the color space for D60white point, which uses SMPTE RP431-2 saturation.

TABLE 1 Color space for D65 white point Color u′ v′ λ_(D) White 0.19780.4683 — Red 0.4507 0.5229 610 nm Green 0.125 0.5625 552 nm Blue 0.17540.1579 464 nm Yellow 0.204 0.565 571 nm Cyan 0.100 0.446 491 nm Magenta0.330 0.293 Combined red & blue

TABLE 2 Color space for D60 white point Color u′ v′ λ_(D) White 0.20100.4740 — Red 0.4964 0.5256 617 nm Green 0.0098 0.5777 543 nm Blue 0.17540.1579 464 nm Yellow 0.2078 0.5683 571 nm Cyan 0.0960 0.4540 492 nmMagenta 0.3520 0.3200 Combined red & blue

Adding Three More Color Primaries within SMPTE RP431-2 Spaces

In one embodiment, the system is designed using the saturation and huedesign from SMPTE RP431-2 (“6P-C”). What results is a system where thesaturation levels are equal to what is used for digital cinema. Both thecolor gamut and the white point require modification. Since the whitepoint is changed from D65 to D60, the saturation values and hue angleschange to the following:

$\begin{matrix}{S_{RED} = {{3.6}1801}} & {H_{RED} = {17{0.1}60^{\circ}}} \\{S_{GREEN} = {{3.6}0848}} & {H_{GREEN} = {4{5.3}515^{\circ}}} \\{S_{BLUE} = {{3.6}1940}} & {H_{BLUE} = {8{5.4}272^{\circ}}}\end{matrix}$

FIG. 12 illustrates a comparison between ITU-R BT.709, SMPTE RP431-2,and ITU-R BT.2020 color gamuts. The illustration uses a D60 white pointvalue. In one embodiment, the six-primary color system uses a D65 whitepoint value.

FIG. 13 illustrates the Pointer color data set with a six-primary colorsystem based on SMPTE RP431-2 saturation and ITU-R BT.2020 superimposed.The red triangle is the white point, which is a D60 white point. Inanother embodiment, the white point is a D65 white point.

Transfer Functions

The system design minimizes limitations to use standard transferfunctions for both encode and/or decode processes. Current practicesused in standards include, but are not limited to, ITU-R BT.1886, ITU-RBT.2020, SMPTE ST274, SMPTE ST296, SMPTE ST2084, and ITU-R BT.2100.These standards are compatible with this system and require nomodification.

Acquisition

The development of a six-primary color system is not practical if theonly part of the system that supports the added primaries is within thedisplay itself. There is a need for the ability to acquire, transport,and store images as a six-primary color system. One aspect that willsupport a six-primary color system is the camera.

In one embodiment, modifications are made to an existing wide gamutcamera. In one embodiment, optical modifications are made to a singleimager camera by using new filters. In another embodiment, signalinversion in a single imager camera is performed. In another embodiment,modifications are made to a six-imager camera.

FIG. 14 illustrates a system in which modifications have been made to anexisting wide gamut camera. The current large format single imagercamera sensors all have extended spectral sensitivities beyond the humanvision system. This is done using wide optical filters, as well as adesign of the imager photoconductor. In this system, all six primarypoints are covered regardless of the acquisition technology. Since thesewide gamut sensor systems are already in use, the workflow to use asix-primary color system is similar to the three-primary color system.

In one embodiment, the optical filter is an absorptive optical filter.Absorptive filters have a coating of different organic and inorganicmaterials that absorb certain wavelengths of light, thus allowing thedesired wavelengths to pass through. Since they absorb light energy, thetemperature of these filters increases during operation. Absorptivefilters are simple filters and are added to plastics to make less-costlyfilters than glass-based counterparts. The operation of absorptivefilters does not depend on the angle of the incident light but on theproperties of the material that makes up the filter.

In one embodiment, the optical filter is a dichroic filter. Dichroicfilters consist of a series of optical coatings with precise thicknessesthat are designed to reflect unwanted wavelengths and transmit thedesired wavelength range. This is achieved by causing the desiredwavelengths to interfere constructively on the transmission side of thefilter, while other wavelengths interfere constructively on thereflection side of the filter.

In one embodiment, the optical filter is a short pass filter. Short passfilters allow shorter wavelengths than the cut-off wavelength to passthrough, while it attenuates longer wavelengths. In one embodiment, theoptical filter is a long pass filter. Long pass filters transmit longerwavelengths than the cut-on wavelength while blocking shorterwavelengths. In another embodiment, the optical filter is a band passfilter. Band pass filters let a particular range, or “band”, ofwavelengths to go through, but attenuate all wavelengths around theband. In another embodiment, the optical filter is a multi-bandpassfilter. In another embodiment, the optical filter is a multi-banddichroic beam splitter.

In one embodiment, the optical filter is a neutral density (ND) filter.ND filters are used in imaging and laser applications where excessivelight can be damaging to camera sensors or other optical components. NDfilters also prevent excessive light from causing inaccurate results inphotometer applications.

In another embodiment, the optical filter is a machine vision filter.Machine vision filters are designed to improve image quality andcontrast in imaging and other machine vision applications. Machinevision filters are used to increase or decrease color temperature, blockunwanted ultraviolet or infrared light, reduce overall lighttransmittance, and transmit light of a specific polarization state.

In another embodiment, the optical filter is a notch filter. Notchfilters are used in spectroscopy, confocal and multi-photon microscopy,laser-based fluorescence instrumentation, and other life scienceapplications. Notch filters are filters that selectively reject aportion of the spectrum, while transmitting all other overallwavelengths.

FIG. 15 illustrates the workflow to use a six-primary color system usinga new input transfer transform. This new input transfer transformconstrains the full RAW gamut down to a six-primary color wrapper. Inone embodiment, RAW data captured from a wide gamut camera is receivedby an output transform, wherein the output transform constrains the RAWdata down to a six-primary color wrapper.

FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B illustrate the use of two mosaic filterconfigurations of the present invention. In one embodiment, a Bayerpattern optical filter modified using a magenta filter is used. Inanother embodiment, a Bayer pattern optical filter not using a magentafilter is used, wherein the magenta element will be calculated later inthe process by a serial data decoder. Difference in size of the yellowand green elements can be used to increase camera sensitivity.

FIG. 17 illustrates an expansion to the demuxing process to handle theplacement of additional color elements. The camera demuxing processhandles placement of the additional color elements by changing theimager timing generator and modifying demuxing switching at the imageroutput. Timing involves a simple sequence based on which color exitedthe imager and switching to the correct color processing path.

TABLE 3 compares the number of pixels required for different systems.

TABLE 3 H V Native Sub Bayer Sub Pixel System Resolution ResolutionPixel Count Count 2K RGB 2048 1080  6,635,520  4,804,608 2K RGBCY 20481080 11,059,200  8,007,680 2K RGBCYM 2048 1080 12,509,184  9,609,216 4KRGB 4096 2160 26,542,080 19,906,560 4K RGBCY 4096 2160 44,236,80033,177,600 4K RGBCYM 4096 2160 53,084,160 39,813,120

Signal Inversion in a Single Imager Camera

FIG. 18 illustrates a signal inversion process in a single imagercamera. In some applications, the use of a low-cost, low-weight, and/orsmaller size camera is required. Devices included in these categoriesinclude, but are not limited to, home movies, a cell phone, a tabletcomputing device, and/or a remote camera. These applications have limitswhich do not support high-quality optics or processing. In oneembodiment, a six-primary color system for these applications invertsthe RGB signals, which become the CYM color components. In such anembodiment, all color components have equal saturation values and 180°hue angles. Issues with gamma tracking and white point designation areeliminated.

Six Imager Camera

In one embodiment, a device in network communication with multiplesensors is used. Situations requiring a device in network communicationwith multiple sensors include, but are not limited to, recording quickmovements within an image, high-speed photography, and/or recordingand/or capturing live events. The main component of such a system is aglass prism which distributes images from the lens to each sensor.

FIG. 19 illustrates a prism made up of three glass elements and twodichroic filters. In one embodiment, the glass prism is comprised ofthree glass elements and two dichroic filters. In one embodiment, theglass prism is comprised of three glass elements, two dichroic filters,and at least one trim filter, wherein the at least one trim filter ismounted in front of each sensor.

TABLE 4 lists filters and operations for each filter as shown in FIG.19.

TABLE 4 Filter Operation F1 Reflect and reject blue F2 Reflect andreject red F3 Trim red component F4 Trim green component F5 Trim bluecomponent

FIG. 20 illustrates a new prism design for a six-primary color system.The optics distribute six-primary color components without distortionand/or mirror artifacts. Reflections and/or flare within the glasselements are minimized, and light is passed through the prism moreefficiently than a traditional three-primary color system. The delay oflight passing through the new optical block is equal between colorpaths, minimizing any group delays. In one embodiment, the maindistribution optics is composed of a beam splitter cross prism. Faces ateach junction in the cube are half-mirrored to direct the image to atleast three outside flats.

Mounted to each of the at least three outside flats are a set of prismswhich, used in combination with at least one optical filter, distributelight to the correct sensor. Sensors are mounted to the output of theappropriate prism face. With this design, a full image is distributed toall six sensors. Three filters (F1, F5, and F9) are used to reject anypart of the spectrum not used by the related sensors. These are fairlywide in that each passes about ⅓^(rd) of the visual spectrum. Rejectionfilters (F2, F6, and F10) are used to split off the secondary color fromthe adjacent color primary. Trim filters (F3, F4, F7, F8, F11, and F12)are placed in front of each sensor to tune the spectrum for the correctresponse. TABLE 5 lists filters, colors, start, and stop for each filteras shown in FIG. 20.

TABLE 5 Filter Color Start Stop F1 R-Y 630 nm 540 nm F2 Y reject F3 RTrim 620 nm 600 nm F4 Y Trim 595 nm 545 nm F5 G-C 600 nm 470 nm F6 Cyanreject F7 G Trim 580 nm 540 nm F8 C Trim 535 nm 475 nm F9 M-B 510 nm 380nm F10 Magenta reject F11 B Trim 500 nm 435 nm F12 M Trim 445 nm 395 nm

In one embodiment, the set of prisms mounted to each of the at leastthree outside flats are a set of dichroic prisms. In another embodiment,the set of prisms mounted to each of the at least three outside flatsare a set of trichroic prisms.

Packaging and Mapping Six Color Primaries

In one embodiment, the six-primary color system is compatible withlegacy systems. A backwards compatible six-primary color system isdefined by a sampling method. In one embodiment, the sampling method is4:4:4. In one embodiment, the sampling method is 4:2:2. In anotherembodiment, the sampling method is 4:2:0. In one embodiment of abackwards compatible six-primary color system, new encode and decodesystems are divided into the steps of performing base encoding anddigitization, image data stacking, mapping into the standard datatransport, readout, unstacking, and image decoding (“System 1”). System1 combines opposing color primaries within three standard transportchannels and identifies them by their code value. In one embodiment of abackwards compatible six-primary color system, the processes are analogprocesses. In another embodiment of a backwards compatible six-primarycolor system, the processes are digital processes.

In one embodiment, the sampling method for a six-primary color system isa 4:4:4 sampling method. Black and white bits are redefined. Puttingblack at midlevel within each data word allows the addition of CYM colordata.

FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of an encode and decode system for asix-primary color system. In one embodiment, the six-primary colorsystem encode and decode system is divided into a base encoder anddigitation, image data stacking, mapping into the standard datatransport, readout, unstack, and finally image decoding (“System 1”).The method of this system combines opposing color primaries within thethree standard transport channels and identifies them by their codevalue. In one embodiment, the encode and decode for a six-primary colorsystem are analog-based. In another embodiment, the encode and decodefor a six-primary color system are digital-based.

FIG. 22 illustrates a sequential method where three color primaries arepassed to the transport format as full bit level image data and insertedas normal (“System 2”). The three additional channels are delayed by onepixel and then placed into the transport instead of the first colors.This method is useful in situations where quantizing artifacts iscritical to image performance. In one embodiment, this system iscomprised of six primaries (RGBCYM), a method to delay the CYM colorsfor injection, image resolution identification to all for pixel countsynchronization, start of video identification, RGB delay, and forYCCCCC systems, logic to select the dominant color primary.

Six-Primary Color Encode Using a 4:4:4 Sampling Method

FIG. 23 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color system encodeusing a 4:4:4 sampling method.

Current serial digital transport systems support 12 bits. Remapping sixcolor components to a 12-bit stream is accomplished by lowering the bitlimit to 11 bits (values 0 to 2047) for 12-bit serial systems or 9 bits(values 0 to 512) for 10-bit serial systems. This process isaccomplished by processing RGBCYM video information through a standardOptical Electronic Transfer Function (OETF) (e.g., ITU-R BT.709-6),digitizing the video information as four samples per pixel, andquantizing the video information as 11-bit or 9-bit.

In another embodiment, the RGBCYM video information is processed througha standard Optical Optical Transfer Function (OOTF). In yet anotherembodiment, the RGBCYM video information is processed through a TransferFunction (TF) other than OETF or OOTF. In one embodiment, TFs consist oftwo components, a Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and a PhaseTransfer Function (PTF). The MTF is a measure of the ability of anoptical system to transfer various levels of detail from object toimage. In one embodiment, performance is measured in terms of contrast(degrees of gray), or of modulation, produced for a perfect source ofthat detail level. The PTF is a measure of the relative phase in theimage(s) as a function of frequency. A relative phase change of 180°,for example, indicates that black and white in the image are reversed.This phenomenon occurs when the TF becomes negative.

There are several methods for measuring MTF. In one embodiment, MTF ismeasured using discrete frequency generation. In one embodiment, MTF ismeasured using continuous frequency generation. In another embodiment,MTF is measured using image scanning. In another embodiment, MTF ismeasured using waveform analysis.

In one embodiment, the six-primary color system is for a 12-bit serialsystem. Current practices normally set black at bit value 0 and white atbit value 4095, for 12-bit video. In order to package six colors intothe existing three-serial streams, the bit defining black is moved tobit value 2048. Thus, the new encode has RGB values starting at bitvalue 2048 for black and bit value 4095 for white and CYM valuesstarting at bit value 2047 for black and bit value 0 as white. Inanother embodiment, the six-primary color system is for a 10-bit serialsystem.

FIG. 24 illustrates one embodiment for a method to package six channelsof primary information into the three standard primary channels used incurrent serial video standards by modifying bit numbers for a 12-bit SDIand a 10-bit SDI. FIG. 25 illustrates a simplified diagram estimatingperceived viewer sensation as code values define each hue angle. TABLE 6and TABLE 7 list bit assignments for computer, production, and broadcastfor a 12-bit system and a 10-bit system, respectively.

TABLE 6 12-Bit Assignments Computer Production Broadcast RGB CYM RGB CYMRGB CYM Peak Brightness 4095 0 4076 16 3839 256 Minimum Brightness 20482047 2052 2032 2304 1792

TABLE 7 10-Bit Assignments Computer Production Broadcast RGB CYM RGB CYMRGB CYM Peak Brightness 1023 0 1019 4 940 64 Minimum Brightness 512 511516 508 576 448

In one embodiment, the OETF process is ITU-R BT.709-6. In oneembodiment, the OETF process is ITU-R BT.709-5. In another embodiment,the OETF process is ITU-R BT.709-4. In yet another embodiment, the OETFprocess is ITU-R BT.709-3. In yet another embodiment, the OETF processis ITU-R BT.709-2. In yet another embodiment, the OETF process is ITU-RBT.709-1.

In one embodiment, the encoder is a non-constant luminance encoder. Inanother embodiment, the encoder is a constant luminance encoder.

Six-Primary Color Packing/Stacking Using a 4:4:4 Sampling Method

FIG. 26 illustrates one embodiment for a method of stacking/encodingsix-primary color information using a 4:4:4 video system. Image datamust be assembled according the serial system used. This is not aconversion process, but instead is a packing/stacking process. In oneembodiment, the packing/stacking process is for a six-primary colorsystem using a 4:4:4 sampling method.

FIG. 27 illustrates one embodiment for a method of unstacking/decodingsix-primary color information using a 4:4:4 video system. In oneembodiment, the RGB channels and the CYM channels are combined into one12-bit word and sent to a standardized transport format. In oneembodiment, the standardized transport format is SMPTE ST424 SDI. In oneembodiment, the decode is for a non-constant luminance, six-primarycolor system. In another embodiment, the decode is for a constantluminance, six-primary color system. In yet another embodiment, anelectronic optical transfer function (EOTF) (e.g., ITU-R BT.1886)coverts image data back to linear for display. FIG. 28 illustrates oneembodiment of a 4:4:4 decoder.

System 2 uses sequential mapping to the standard transport format, so itincludes a delay for the CYM data. The CYM data is recovered in thedecoder by delaying the RGB data. Since there is no stacking process,the full bit level video can be transported. For displays that are usingoptical filtering, this RGB delay could be removed and the process ofmapping image data to the correct filter could be eliminated by assumingthis delay with placement of the optical filter and the use ofsequential filter colors.

FIG. 29 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention for sendingsix primary colors to a standardized transport format using a 4:4:4encoder according to System 2. Encoding is straight forward with a pathfor RGB sent directly to the transport format. RGB data is mapped toeach even numbered data segment in the transport. CYM data is mapped toeach odd numbered segment. Because different resolutions are used in allof the standardized transport formats, there must be identification forwhat they are so that the start of each horizontal line and horizontalpixel count can be identified to time the RGB/CYM mapping to thetransport. The identification is the same as currently used in eachstandardized transport function. TABLE 8, TABLE 9, TABLE 10, and TABLE11 list 16-bit assignments, 12-bit assignments, 10-bit assignments, and8-bit assignments, respectively.

TABLE 8 16-Bit Assignments Computer Production RGB CYM RGB CYM PeakBrightness 65536 65536 65216 65216 Minimum Brightness   0   0  256  256

TABLE 9 12-Bit Assignments Computer Production Broadcast RGB CYM RGB CYMRGB CYM Peak Brightness 4095 4095 4076 4076 3839 3839 Minimum Brightness0 0 16 16 256 256

TABLE 10 10-Bit Assignments Computer Production Broadcast RGB CYM RGBCYM RGB CYM Peak Brightness 1023 1023 1019 1019 940 940 MinimumBrightness 0 0 4 4 64 64

TABLE 11 8-Bit Assignments Computer Production Broadcast RGB CYM RGB CYMRGB CYM Peak Brightness 255 255 254 254 235 235 Minimum Brightness 0 0 11 16 16

The decode adds a pixel delay to the RGB data to realign the channels toa common pixel timing. EOTF is applied and the output is sent to thenext device in the system. Metadata based on the standardized transportformat is used to identify the format and image resolution so that theunpacking from the transport can be synchronized. FIG. 30 shows oneembodiment of a decoding with a pixel delay.

In one embodiment, the decoding is 4:4:4 decoding. With this method, thesix-primary color decoder is in the signal path, where 11-bit values forRGB are arranged above bit value 2048, while CYM values are arrangedbelow bit value 2047 as 11-bit. If the same data set is sent to adisplay and/or process that is not operable for six-primary colorprocessing, the image data is assumed as black at bit value 0 as a full12-bit word. Decoding begins by tapping image data prior to theunstacking process.

Six-Primary Color Encode Using a 4:2:2 Sampling Method

In one embodiment, the packing/stacking process is for a six-primarycolor system using a 4:2:2 sampling method. In order to fit the newsix-primary color system into a lower bandwidth serial system, whilemaintaining backwards compatibility, the standard method of convertingfrom RGBCYM to a luminance and a set of color difference signalsrequires the addition of at least one new image designator.

In order for the system to package all of the image while supportingboth six-primary and legacy displays, an electronic luminance component(Y) must be derived. The first component is: E′_(Y) ₆ It can bedescribed as:

E_(Y₆)^(′) = 0.1063E_(Red)^(′) + 0.23195E_(Yellow)^(′) + 0.3576E_(Green)^(′) + 0.19685E_(Cyan)^(′) + 0.0361E_(Blue)^(′) + 0.0712E_(Magenta)^(′)

Critical to getting back to legacy display compatibility, value E′_(−Y)is described as:

E_(−Y)^(′) = E_(Y₆)^(′) − (E_(Cyan)^(′) + E_(Yellow)^(′) + E_(Magenta)^(′))

In addition, at least two new color components are disclosed. These aredesignated as Cc and Cy components. The at least two new colorcomponents include a method to compensate for luminance and enable thesystem to function with older Y Cb Cr infrastructures. In oneembodiment, adjustments are made to Cb and Cr in a Y Cb Crinfrastructure since the related level of luminance is operable fordivision over more components. These new components are as follows:

${E_{CR}^{\prime} = \frac{\left( {E_{R}^{\prime} - E_{Y_{6}}^{\prime}} \right)}{1.7874}},{E_{CB}^{\prime} = \frac{\left( {E_{B}^{\prime} - E_{Y_{6}}^{\prime}} \right)}{1.9278}},{E_{CC}^{\prime} = \frac{\left( {E_{C}^{\prime} - E_{Y_{6}}^{\prime}} \right)}{1.6063}},{E_{CY}^{\prime} = \frac{\left( {E_{Y}^{\prime} - E_{Y_{6}}^{\prime}} \right)}{1.5361}}$

Within such a system, it is not possible to define magenta as awavelength. This is because the green vector in CIE 1976 passes into,and beyond, the CIE designated purple line. Magenta is a sum of blue andred. Thus, in one embodiment, magenta is resolved as a calculation, notas optical data. In one embodiment, both the camera side and the monitorside of the system use magenta filters. In this case, if magenta weredefined as a wavelength, it would not land at the point described.Instead, magenta would appear as a very deep blue which would include anarrow bandwidth primary, resulting in metameric issues from usingnarrow spectral components. In one embodiment, magenta as an integervalue is resolved using the following equation:

$M_{INT} = \left\lbrack \frac{\frac{B_{INT}}{2} + \frac{R_{INT}}{2}}{2} \right\rbrack$

The above equation assists in maintaining the fidelity of a magentavalue while minimizing any metameric errors. This is advantageous overprior art, where magenta appears instead as a deep blue instead of theintended primary color value.

Six-Primary Non-Constant Luminance Encode Using a 4:2:2 Sampling Method

In one embodiment, the six-primary color system using a non-constantluminance encode for use with a 4:2:2 sampling method. Current practicesuse a non-constant luminance path design, which is found in all thevideo systems currently deployed. FIG. 31 illustrates one embodiment ofan encode process for 4:2:2 video for packaging five channels ofinformation into the standard three-channel designs. For 4:2:2, asimilar method to the 4:4:4 system is used to package five channels ofinformation into the standard three-channel designs used in currentserial video standards. FIG. 31 illustrates 12-bit SDI and 10-bit SDIencoding for a 4:2:2 system. TABLE 12 and TABLE 13 list bit assignmentsfor a 12-bit and 10-bit system, respectively.

TABLE 12 12-Bit Assignments Computer Production Broadcast EY₆EC_(R),EC_(B) EC_(c),EC_(y) EY₆ EC_(R),EC_(B) EC_(c),EC_(y) EY₆EC_(R),EC_(B) EC_(c),EC_(y) Peak 4095 4095 0 4076 4076 16 3839 3839 256Brightness Minimum 0 2048 2047 16 2052 2032 256 2304 1792 Brightness

TABLE 13 10-Bit Assignments Computer Production Broadcast EY₆EC_(R),EC_(B) EC_(c),EC_(y) EY₆ EC_(R),EC_(B) EC_(c),EC_(y) EY₆EC_(R),EC_(B) EC_(c),EC_(y) Peak 1023 1023 0 1019 1019 4 940 940 64Brightness Minimum 0 512 511 4 516 508 64 576 448 Brightness

FIG. 32 illustrates one embodiment for a non-constant luminance encodingprocess for a six-primary color system. The design of this process issimilar to the designs used in current RGB systems. Input video is sentto the Optical Electronic Transfer Function (OETF) process and then tothe E_(Y) ₆ encoder. The output of this encoder includes all of theimage detail information. In one embodiment, all of the image detailinformation is output as a monochrome image.

The output is then subtracted from E′_(R), E′_(B), E′_(C), and E′_(Y) tomake the following color difference components:

E_(CR)^(′), E_(CB)^(′), E_(CC)^(′), E_(CY)^(′)

These components are then half sampled (×2) while E′_(Y) ₆ is fullysampled (×4).

FIG. 33 illustrates one embodiment of a packaging process for asix-primary color system. These components are then sent to thepacking/stacking process. Components E′_(CY-INT) and E′_(CC-INT) areinverted so that bit 0 now defines peak luminance for the correspondingcomponent. In one embodiment, this is the same packaging processperformed with the 4:4:4 sampling method design, resulting in two 11-bitcomponents combining into one 12-bit component.

Six-Primary Non-Constant Luminance Decode Using a 4:2:2 Sampling Method

FIG. 34 illustrates a 4:2:2 unstack process for a six-primary colorsystem. In one embodiment, the image data is extracted from the serialformat through the normal processes as defined by the serial data formatstandard. In another embodiment, the serial data format standard uses a4:2:2 sampling structure. In yet another embodiment, the serial dataformat standard is SMPTE ST292. The color difference components areseparated and formatted back to valid 11-bit data. ComponentsE′_(CY-INT) and E′_(CC-INT) are inverted so that bit value 2047 definespeak color luminance.

FIG. 35 illustrates one embodiment of a process to inversely quantizeeach individual color and pass the data through an electronic opticalfunction transfer (EOTF) in a non-constant luminance system. Theindividual color components, as well as E′_(Y) ₆ _(-INT) are inverselyquantized and summed to breakout each individual color. Magenta is thencalculated and E′_(Y) ₆ _(-INT) is combined with these colors to resolvegreen. These calculations then go back through an Electronic OpticalTransfer Function (EOTF) process to output the six-primary color system.

In one embodiment, the decoding is 4:2:2 decoding. This decode followsthe same principles as the 4:4:4 decoder. However, in 4:2:2 decoding, aluminance channel is used instead of discrete color channels. Here,image data is still taken prior to unstack from the E′_(CB-INT)E′_(CY-INT) and E′_(CR-INT) E′_(CC-INT) channels. With a 4:2:2 decoder,a new component, called E′_(−Y), is used to subtract the luminancelevels that are present from the CYM channels from theE′_(CB-INT)+E′_(CY-INT) and E′_(CR-INT)+E′_(CC-INT) components. Theresulting output is now the R and B image components of the EOTFprocess. E′_(−Y) is also sent to the G matrix to convert the luminanceand color difference components to a green output. Thus, R′G′B′ is inputto the EOTF process and output as G_(RGB), R_(RGB), and B_(RGB). Inanother embodiment, the decoder is a legacy RGB decoder for non-constantluminance systems.

In one embodiment, the standard is SMPTE ST292. In one embodiment, thestandard is SMPTE RP431-2. In one embodiment, the standard is ITU-RBT.2020. In another embodiment, the standard is SMPTE RP431-1. Inanother embodiment, the standard is ITU-R BT.1886. In anotherembodiment, the standard is SMPTE ST274. In another embodiment, thestandard is SMPTE ST296. In another embodiment, the standard is SMPTEST2084. In yet another embodiment, the standard is ITU-R BT.2100. In yetanother embodiment, the standard is SMPTE ST424. In yet anotherembodiment, the standard is SMPTE ST425. In yet another embodiment, thestandard is SMPTE ST2110.

Six-Primary Constant Luminance Decode Using a 4:2:2 Sampling Method

FIG. 36 illustrates one embodiment of a constant luminance encode for asix-primary color system. FIG. 37 illustrates one embodiment of aconstant luminance decode for a six-primary color system. The processfor constant luminance encode and decode are very similar. The maindifference being that the management of E_(Y) ₆ is linear. The encodeand decode processes stack into the standard serial data streams in thesame way as is present in a non-constant luminance, six-primary colorsystem. In one embodiment, the stacker design is the same as with thenon-constant luminance system.

System 2 operation is using a sequential method of mapping to thestandard transport instead of the method in System 1 where pixel data iscombined to two color primaries in one data set as an 11-bit word. Theadvantage of System 1 is that there is no change to the standardtransport. The advantage of System 2 is that full bit level video can betransported, but at double the normal data rate.

The difference between the systems is the use of two Y channels inSystem 2. Y_(RGB) and Y_(CYM) are used to define the luminance value forRGB as one group and CYM for the other.

FIG. 38 illustrates one example of 4:2:2 non-constant luminanceencoding. Because the RGB and CYM components are mapped at differenttime intervals, there is no requirement for a stacking process and datais fed directly to the transport format. The development of the separatecolor difference components is identical to System 1.

The encoder for System 2 takes the formatted color components in thesame way as System 1. Two matrices are used to build two luminancechannels. Y_(RGB) contains the luminance value for the RGB colorprimaries. Y_(CYM) contains the luminance value for the CYM colorprimaries. A set of delays are used to sequence the proper channel forY_(RGB), Y_(CMY), and the RBCY channels. This sequences Y_(RGB), C_(R),and CC channels into the even segments of the standardized transport andY_(CMY), CB, and CY into the odd numbered segments. Since there is nocombining color primary channels, full bit levels can be used limitedonly by the design of the standardized transport method. In addition,for use in matrix driven displays, there is no change to the inputprocessing and only the method of outputting the correct color isrequired if the filtering or emissive subpixel is also placedsequentially.

Timing for the sequence is calculated by the source format descriptorwhich then flags the start of video and sets the pixel timing.

FIG. 39 illustrates one embodiment of a non-constant luminance decodingsystem. Decoding uses timing synchronization from the format descriptorand start of video flags that are included in the payload ID, SDP, orEDID tables. This starts the pixel clock for each horizontal line ofidentify which set of components are routed to the proper part of thedecoder. A pixel delay is used to realign the color primarily data ofeach subpixel. Y_(RGB) and Y_(CMY) are combined to assemble a new Y₆component which is used to decode the CR, CB, CC, CY, and CM componentsinto RGBCYM.

The constant luminance system is not different from the non-constantluminance system in regard to operation. The difference is that theluminance calculation is done as a linear function instead of includingthe OOTF. FIG. 40 illustrates one embodiment of a 4:2:2 constantluminance encoding system. FIG. 41 illustrates one embodiment of a 4:2:2constant luminance decoding system.

Six-Primary Color System Using a 4:2:0 Sampling System

In one embodiment, the six-primary color system uses a 4:2:0 samplingsystem. The 4:2:0 format is widely used in H.262/MPEG-2, H.264/MPEG-4Part 10 and VC-1 compression. The process defined in SMPTE RP2050-1provides a direct method to convert from a 4:2:2 sample structure to a4:2:0 structure. When a 4:2:0 video decoder and encoder are connectedvia a 4:2:2 serial interface, the 4:2:0 data is decoded and converted to4:2:2 by up-sampling the color difference component. In the 4:2:0 videoencoder, the 4:2:2 video data is converted to 4:2:0 video data bydown-sampling the color difference component.

There typically exists a color difference mismatch between the 4:2:0video data from the 4:2:0 video data to be encoded. Several stages ofcodec concatenation are common through the processing chain. As aresult, color difference signal mismatch between 4:2:0 video data inputto 4:2:0 video encoder and 4:2:0 video output from 4:2:0 video decoderis accumulated and the degradation becomes visible.

Filtering within a Six-Primary Color System Using a 4:2:0 SamplingMethod

When a 4:2:0 video decoder and encoder are connected via a serialinterface, 4:2:0 data is decoded and the data is converted to 4:2:2 byup-sampling the color difference component, and then the 4:2:2 videodata is mapped onto a serial interface. In the 4:2:0 video encoder, the4:2:2 video data from the serial interface is converted to 4:2:0 videodata by down-sampling the color difference component. At least one setof filter coefficients exists for 4:2:0/4:2:2 up-sampling and4:2:2/4:2:0 down-sampling. The at least one set of filter coefficientsprovide minimally degraded 4:2:0 color difference signals inconcatenated operations.

Filter Coefficients in a Six-Primary Color System Using a 4:2:0 SamplingMethod

FIG. 42 illustrates one embodiment of a raster encoding diagram ofsample placements for a six-primary color 4:2:0 progressive scan system.Within this compression process, horizontal lines show the raster on adisplay matrix. Vertical lines depict drive columns. The intersection ofthese is a pixel calculation. Data around a particular pixel is used tocalculate color and brightness of the subpixels. Each “X” showsplacement timing of the E_(Y) ₆ _(-INT) sample. Red dots depictplacement of the E′_(R-INT)+E′_(CC-INT) sample. Blue triangles showplacement of the E′_(CB-INT)+E′_(CY-INT) sample.

In one embodiment, the raster is an RGB raster. In another embodiment,the raster is a RGBCYM raster.

Six-Primary Color System Backwards Compatibility

By designing the color gamut within the saturation levels of standardformats and using inverse color primary positions, it is easy to resolvean RGB image with minimal processing. In one embodiment for six-primaryencoding, image data is split across three color channels in a transportsystem. In one embodiment, the image data is read as six-primary data.In another embodiment, the image data is read as RGB data. Bymaintaining a standard white point, the axis of modulation for eachchannel is considered as values describing two colors (e.g., blue andyellow) for a six-primary system or as a single color (e.g., blue) foran RGB system. This is based on where black is referenced. In oneembodiment of a six-primary color system, black is decoded at amid-level value. In an RGB system, the same data stream is used, butblack is referenced at bit zero, not a mid-level.

In one embodiment, the RGB values encoded in the 6P stream are based onITU-R BT.709. In another embodiment, the RGB values encoded are based onSMPTE RP431. Advantageously, these two embodiments require almost noprocessing to recover values for legacy display.

Two decoding methods are proposed. The first is a preferred method thatuses very limited processing, negating any issues with latency. Thesecond is a more straightforward method using a set of matrices at theend of the signal path to conform the 6P image to RGB.

In one embodiment, the decoding is for a 4:4:4 system. In oneembodiment, the assumption of black places the correct data with eachchannel. If the 6P decoder is in the signal path, 11-bit values for RGBare arranged above bit value 2048, while CYM values are arranged belowbit value 2047 as 11-bit. However, if this same data set is sent to adisplay or process that does not understand 6P processing, then thatimage data is assumed as black at bit value 0 as a full 12-bit word.

FIG. 43 illustrates one embodiment of the six-primary color unstackprocess in a 4:2:2 video system. Decoding starts by tapping image dataprior to the unstacking process. The input to the 6P unstack will map asshown in FIG. 44. The output of the 6P decoder will map as shown in FIG.45. This same data is sent uncorrected as the legacy RGB image data. Theinterpretation of the RGB decode will map as shown in FIG. 46.

Alternatively, the decoding is for a 4:2:2 system. This decode uses thesame principles as the 4:4:4 decoder, but because a luminance channel isused instead of discrete color channels, the processing is modified.Legacy image data is still taken prior to unstack from theE′_(CB-INT)+E′_(CY-INT) and E′_(CR-INT)+E′_(CC-INT) channels as shown inFIG. 49.

FIG. 50 illustrates one embodiment of a non-constant luminance decoderwith a legacy process. The dotted box marked (1) shows the process wherea new component called E′_(−Y) is used to subtract the luminance levelsthat are present from the CYM channels from the E′_(CB-INT)+E′_(CY-INT)and E′_(CR-INT)+E′_(CC-INT) components as shown in box (2). Theresulting output is now the R and B image components of the EOTFprocess. E′_(−Y) is also sent to the G matrix to convert the luminanceand color difference components to a green output as shown in box (3).Thus, R′G′B′ is input to the EOTF process and output as G_(RGB),R_(RGB), and B_(RGB). In another embodiment, the decoder is a legacy RGBdecoder for non-constant luminance systems.

For a constant luminance system, the process is very similar with theexception that green is calculated as linear as shown in FIG. 51.

Six-Primary Color System Using a Matrix Output

In one embodiment, the six-primary color system outputs a legacy RGBimage. This requires a matrix output to be built at the very end of thesignal path. FIG. 52 illustrates one embodiment of a legacy RGB imageoutput at the end of the signal path. The design logic of the CYMprimaries is in that they are of equal saturation and placed at 180degrees compared to RGB primaries. In one embodiment, two differentcolor saturations are used, wherein the two different color saturationsare based on standardized gamuts already in use. In one embodiment, thegamut is the ITU-R BT.709-6 gamut. In another embodiment, the gamut isthe SMPTE RP431-2 gamut.

For simplicity, the 6P gamut based on ITU-R BT.709 saturation isreferred to as “6P-B”. The gamut based on SMPTE RP431-2 is referred toas “6P-C”. Referring back to the discussion on white point, 6P-Bspecifies a white point as D65. 6P-C uses a white point of D60. TABLE 14and TABLE 15 show a comparison between the 6P RGBCYM and related RGBcolor primary placements.

TABLE 14 6P-B ITU-R BT.709 u′ v′ u′ v′ White 0.1978 0.4683 0.1978 0.4683Red 0.4507 0.5229 0.4507 0.5229 Green 0.1250 0.5625 0.1250 0.5625 Blue0.1754 0.1579 0.1754 0.1579 Yellow 0.2040 0.5650 Cyan 0.1000 0.4460Magenta 0.3300 0.2930

TABLE 15 6P-C SMPTE RP431-2 u′ v′ u′ v′ White 0.2010 0.4740 0.20100.4740 Red 0.4964 0.5256 0.4964 0.5256 Green 0.098 0.5777 0.098 0.5777Blue 0.1754 0.1579 0.1754 0.1579 Yellow 0.2078 0.5683 Cyan 0.0960 0.4540Magenta 0.3520 0.3200

The unstack process includes output as six, 11-bit color channels thatare separated and delivered to a decoder. To convert an image from asix-primary color system to an RGB image, at least two matrices areused. One matrix is a 3×3 matrix converting a six-primary color systemimage to XYZ values. A second matrix is a 3×3 matrix for converting fromXYZ to the proper RGB color space.

When a six-primary display is connected to the six-primary output, eachchannel will drive each color. When this same output is sent to an RGBdisplay, the CYM channels are ignored and only the RGB channels aredisplayed. An element of operation is that both systems drive from theblack area. At this point in the decoder, all are coded as bit value 0being black and bit value 2047 being peak color luminance. This processcan also be reversed in a situation where an RGB source can feed asix-primary display. The six-primary display would then have noinformation for the CYM channels and would display the input in astandard RGB gamut. FIG. 47 illustrates one embodiment of six-primarycolor output using a non-constant luminance decoder. FIG. 48 illustratesone embodiment of a legacy RGB process within a six-primary colorsystem.

The design of this matrix is a modification of the CIE process toconvert RGB to XYZ. First, u ‘v’ values are converted back to CIE 1931xyz values using the following formulas:

$x = {{\frac{9u^{\prime}}{\left( {{6u^{\prime}} - {16v^{\prime}} + 12} \right)}\mspace{31mu} y} = {{\frac{4v^{\prime}}{\left( {{6u^{\prime}} - {16v^{\prime}} + 12} \right)}\mspace{31mu} z} = {1 - x - y}}}$

Next, RGBCYM values are mapped to a matrix. The mapping is dependentupon the gamut standard being used. In one embodiment, the gamut isITU-R BT.709-6. The mapping for RGBCYM values for an ITU-R BT.709-6(6P-B) gamut are:

$\left\lbrack {\left( \begin{matrix}\; & x & y & z \\R & 0.640 & 0.330 & 0.030 \\G & 0.300 & 0.600 & 0.100 \\B & 0.150 & 0.060 & 0.790 \\C & 0.439 & 0.540 & 0.021 \\Y & 0.165 & 0.327 & 0.509 \\M & 0.320 & 0.126 & 0.554\end{matrix} \right)\begin{pmatrix}\; & R & G & B & C & Y & M \\x & {{0.6}40} & {{0.3}00} & {{0.1}50} & {{0.4}39} & {{0.1}65} & {{0.3}19} \\y & {{0.3}30} & {{0.6}00} & {{0.0}60} & {{0.5}40} & {{0.3}27} & {{0.1}26} \\z & {{0.0}30} & {{0.1}00} & {{0.7}90} & {{0.0}21} & {{0.5}09} & {{0.5}54}\end{pmatrix}} \right\rbrack = \begin{pmatrix}{{0.5}19} & {{0.3}93} & {{0.1}40} \\{{0.3}93} & {{0.4}60} & {{0.1}60} \\{{0.1}40} & {{0.1}60} & {{0.6}50}\end{pmatrix}$

In one embodiment, the gamut is SMPTE RP431-2. The mapping for RGBCYMvalues for a SMPTE RP431-2 (6P-C) gamut are:

$\left\lbrack {\left( \begin{matrix}\; & x & y & z \\R & 0.680 & 0.320 & 0.000 \\G & 0.246 & 0.691 & 0.045 \\B & 0.150 & 0.060 & 0.790 \\C & 0.450 & 0.547 & 0.026 \\Y & 0.163 & 0.342 & 0.496 \\M & 0.352 & 0.142 & 0.505\end{matrix} \right)\begin{pmatrix}\; & R & G & B & C & Y & M \\x & {{0.6}80} & {{0.2}64} & {{0.1}50} & {{0.4}50} & {{0.1}63} & {{0.3}52} \\y & {{0.3}20} & {{0.6}90} & {{0.0}60} & {{0.5}47} & {{0.3}42} & {{0.1}42} \\z & {{0.0}00} & {{0.0}45} & {{0.7}90} & {{0.0}26} & {{0.4}96} & {{0.5}05}\end{pmatrix}} \right\rbrack = \begin{pmatrix}{{0.5}65} & {{0.4}00} & {{0.1}21} \\{{0.4}00} & {{0.5}49} & {{0.1}17} \\{{0.1}21} & {{0.1}17} & {{0.6}50}\end{pmatrix}$

Following mapping the RGBCYM values to a matrix, a white pointconversion occurs:

$X = {{\frac{x}{y}\mspace{31mu} Y} = {{1\mspace{31mu} Z} = {1 - x - y}}}$

For a six-primary color system using an ITU-R BT.709-6 (6P-B) colorgamut, the white point is D65:

${{0.9}504} = {{\frac{{0.3}127}{{0.3}290}\mspace{31mu} 0.3584} = {1 - {{0.3}127} - {{0.3}290}}}$

For a six-primary color system using a SMPTE RP431-2 (6P-C) color gamut,the white point is D60:

${{0.9}541} = \frac{{0.3}218}{{0.3}372}$ 0.3410 = 1 − 0.3218 − 0.3372

Following the white point conversion, a calculation is required for RGBsaturation values, S_(R), S_(G), and S_(B). The results from the secondoperation are inverted and multiplied with the white point XYZ values.In one embodiment, the color gamut used is an ITU-R BT.709-6 colorgamut. The values calculate as:

$\begin{bmatrix}S_{R} \\S_{G} \\S_{B}\end{bmatrix}^{{ITU} - {R\mspace{11mu}{BT}{.709}} - 6} = \left\lbrack {\begin{pmatrix}5.445 & {{- {4.6}}44} & {{- {0.0}}253} \\{{- {4.6}}44} & {{6.3}37} & {{- {0.5}}63} \\{{- {0.0}}253} & {{- {0.5}}63} & {682}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{{0.9}50} \\1 \\{{0.3}58}\end{pmatrix}} \right\rbrack$ ${{Where}\mspace{14mu}\begin{bmatrix}S_{R} \\S_{G} \\S_{B}\end{bmatrix}}^{{ITU} - {R\mspace{11mu}{BT}{.709}} - 6} = \begin{bmatrix}{{0.5}22} \\{{1.7}22} \\{{0.0}15}\end{bmatrix}$

In one embodiment, the color gamut is a SMPTE RP431-2 color gamut. Thevalues calculate as:

$\begin{bmatrix}S_{R} \\S_{G} \\S_{B}\end{bmatrix}^{{{SMPTE}\mspace{11mu}{RP}\; 431} - 2} = \left\lbrack {\begin{pmatrix}{{3.6}92} & {{- {2.6}}49} & {{- {0.2}}11} \\{{- {2.6}}49} & {{3.7}95} & {{- {0.1}}89} \\{{- {0.2}}11} & {{- {0.1}}89} & {{1.6}11}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{{0.9}54} \\1 \\{{0.3}41}\end{pmatrix}} \right\rbrack$ ${{{Where}\mspace{14mu}\begin{bmatrix}S_{R} \\S_{G} \\S_{B}\end{bmatrix}}^{{{SMPTE}\mspace{11mu}{RP}\; 431} - 2} = \begin{bmatrix}{{0.8}02} \\{{1.2}03} \\{{0.1}59}\end{bmatrix}}\;$

Next, a six-primary color-to-XYZ matrix must be calculated. For anembodiment where the color gamut is an ITU-R BT.709-6 color gamut, thecalculation is as follows:

$\begin{bmatrix}X \\Y \\Z\end{bmatrix} = \left\lbrack {\begin{pmatrix}{{0.5}19} & {{0.3}93} & {{0.1}40} \\{{0.3}93} & {{0.4}60} & {{0.1}60} \\{{0.1}40} & {{0.1}60} & {{0.6}50}\end{pmatrix}^{{ITU} - {R\mspace{11mu}{BT}{.709}} - 6} = \mspace{484mu}\begin{pmatrix}{{0.5}22} & {{1.7}22} & {{0.1}53} \\{{0.5}22} & {{1.7}22} & {{0.1}53} \\{{0.5}22} & {{1.7}22} & {{0.1}53}\end{pmatrix}^{D\; 65}} \right\rbrack$

Wherein the resulting matrix is multiplied by the S_(R)S_(G)S_(B)matrix:

$\begin{bmatrix}X \\Y \\Z\end{bmatrix} = {\begin{bmatrix}{{0.2}71} & {{0.6}77} & {{0.0}02} \\{{0.2}05} & {{0.7}92} & {{0.0}03} \\{{0.0}73} & {{0.2}76} & {{0.0}10}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}R \\G \\B \\C \\Y \\M\end{bmatrix}}^{{ITU} - {R\;{BT}{.709}} - 6}$

For an embodiment where the color gamut is a SMPTE RP431-2 color gamut,the calculation is as follows:

$\begin{bmatrix}X \\Y \\Z\end{bmatrix} = \left\lbrack {\begin{pmatrix}{{0.5}65} & {{0.4}01} & {{0.1}21} \\{{0.4}01} & {{0.5}49} & {{0.1}17} \\{{0.1}21} & {{0.1}17} & {{0.6}50}\end{pmatrix}^{{{{SMPTE}\mspace{11mu}{RP}\; 431} - 2}\ }\begin{pmatrix}{{0.8}02} & {{1.2}03} & {{0.1}59} \\{{0.8}02} & {{1.2}03} & {{0.1}59} \\{{0.8}02} & {{1.2}03} & {{0.1}59}\end{pmatrix}^{D\; 60}} \right\rbrack$

Wherein the resulting matrix is multiplied by the S_(R)S_(G)S_(B)matrix:

$\begin{bmatrix}X \\Y \\Z\end{bmatrix} = {\begin{bmatrix}{{0.4}53} & {{0.4}82} & {{0.0}19} \\{{0.3}21} & {{0.6}60} & {{0.0}19} \\{{0.0}97} & {{0.1}41} & {{0.1}03}\end{bmatrix}\;\begin{bmatrix}R \\G \\B \\C \\Y \\M\end{bmatrix}}^{{{SMPTE}\mspace{11mu}{RP}\; 431} - 2}$

Finally, the XYZ matrix must converted to the correct standard colorspace. In an embodiment where the color gamut used is an ITU-R BT709.6color gamut, the matrices are as follows:

$\begin{bmatrix}R \\G \\B\end{bmatrix}^{{ITU} - {R\mspace{11mu}{BT}{.709}} - 6} = {\begin{bmatrix}{{3.2}41} & {{- {1.5}}37} & {{- {0.4}}99} \\{{- {0.9}}69} & {{1.8}76} & {{0.0}42} \\{{0.0}56} & {{- {0.2}}04} & {{1.0}57}\end{bmatrix}\;\begin{bmatrix}X \\Y \\Z\end{bmatrix}}$

In an embodiment where the color gamut used is a SMPTE RP431-2 colorgamut, the matrices are as follows:

$\begin{bmatrix}R \\G \\B\end{bmatrix}^{{{SMPTE}\mspace{11mu}{RP}\; 431} - 2} = {\begin{bmatrix}{{2.7}3} & {{- {1.0}}18} & {{- {0.4}}40} \\{{- {0.7}}95} & {{1.6}90} & {{0.0}23} \\{{0.0}41} & {{- {0.0}}88} & {{1.1}01}\end{bmatrix}\;\begin{bmatrix}X \\Y \\Z\end{bmatrix}}$

Packing a Six-Primary Color System into IC_(T)C_(P)

IC_(T)C_(P) (ITP) is a color representation format specified in the Rec.ITU-R BT.2100 standard that is used as a part of the color imagepipeline in video and digital photography systems for high dynamic range(HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG) imagery. The I (intensity) component isa luma component that represents the brightness of the video. C_(T) andC_(P) are blue-yellow (“tritanopia”) and red-green (“protanopia”) chromacomponents. The format is derived from an associated RGB color space bya coordination transformation that includes two matrix transformationsand an intermediate non-linear transfer function, known as a gammapre-correction. The transformation produces three signals: I, C_(T), andC_(P). The ITP transformation can be used with RGB signals derived fromeither the perceptual quantizer (PQ) or hybrid log-gamma (HLG)nonlinearity functions.

FIG. 53 illustrates one embodiment of packing six-primary color systemimage data into an IC_(T)C_(P) (ITP) format. In one embodiment, RGBimage data is converted to an XYZ matrix. The XYZ matrix is thenconverted to an LMS matrix. The LMS matrix is then sent to an opticalelectronic transfer function (OETF). The conversion process isrepresented below:

$\begin{bmatrix}L \\M \\S\end{bmatrix} = {\left\lbrack {\begin{pmatrix}a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \\a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} \\a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}\end{pmatrix}\mspace{11mu}\begin{pmatrix}{{0.3}59} & {{0.6}96} & {{- {0.0}}36} \\{{- {0.1}}92} & {{1.1}00} & {{0.0}75} \\{{0.0}07} & {{0.0}75} & {{0.8}43}\end{pmatrix}} \right\rbrack\;\begin{bmatrix}R \\G \\B\end{bmatrix}}$

Output from the OETF is converted to ITP format. The resulting matrixis:

$\begin{pmatrix}0.5 & 0.5 & 0 \\1.614 & {- 3.323} & 1.710 \\4.378 & {- 4.246} & {- 0.135}\end{pmatrix}^{\;}\;$

FIG. 54 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color systemconverting RGBCYM image data into XYZ image data for an ITP format(e.g., 6P-B, 6P-C). For a six-primary color system, this is modified byreplacing the RGB to XYZ matrix with a process to convert RGBCYM to XYZ.This is the same method as described in the legacy RGB process. The newmatrix is as follows for an ITU-R BT.709-6 (6P-B) color gamut:

$\begin{bmatrix}L \\M \\S\end{bmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}{{0.2}71} & {{0.6}77} & {{0.0}02} \\{{0.2}05} & {{0.7}92} & {{0.0}03} \\{{0.0}73} & {{0.2}77} & {{0.1}00}\end{pmatrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{{0.3}59} & {{0.6}96} & {{- {0.0}}36} \\{{- {0.1}}92} & {{1.1}00} & {{0.0}75} \\{{0.0}07} & {{0.0}75} & {{0.8}43}\end{pmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}R \\G \\B \\C \\Y \\M\end{bmatrix}}^{{ITU} - {R\;{BT}{.709}} - 6}}$

RGBCYM data, based on an ITU-R BT.709-6 color gamut, is converted to anXYZ matrix. The resulting XYZ matrix is converted to an LMS matrix,which is sent to an OETF. Once processed by the OETF, the LMS matrix isconverted to an ITP matrix. The resulting ITP matrix is as follows:

$\begin{pmatrix}0.5 & 0.5 & 0 \\1.614 & {- 3.323} & 1.710 \\4.378 & {- 4.246} & {- 0.135}\end{pmatrix}^{\;}$

In another embodiment, the LMS matrix is sent to an Optical OpticalTransfer Function (OOTF). In yet another embodiment, the LMS matrix issent to an Optical Transfer Function other than OOTF or OETF.

In another embodiment, the RGBCYM data is based on the SMPTE ST431-2(6P-C) color gamut. The matrices for an embodiment using the SMPTEST431-2 color gamut are as follows:

$\begin{bmatrix}L \\M \\S\end{bmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix}{{0.4}53} & {{0.4}81} & {{0.0}19} \\{{0.3}21} & {{0.6}60} & {{0.0}19} \\{{0.0}97} & {{0.1}41} & {{0.1}03}\end{pmatrix}{\begin{pmatrix}{{0.3}59} & {{0.6}96} & {{- {0.0}}36} \\{{- {0.1}}92} & {{1.1}00} & {{0.0}75} \\{{0.0}07} & {{0.0}75} & {{0.8}43}\end{pmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}R \\G \\B \\C \\Y \\M\end{bmatrix}}^{{{SMPTE}\mspace{11mu}{ST}\; 431} - 2}}$

The resulting ITP matrix is:

$\begin{pmatrix}0.5 & 0.5 & 0 \\1.614 & {- 3.323} & 1.710 \\4.378 & {- 4.246} & {- 0.135}\end{pmatrix}^{\;}$

The decode process uses the standard ITP decode process, as theS_(R)S_(G)S_(B) cannot be easily inverted. This makes it difficult torecover the six RGBCYM components from the ITP encode. Therefore, thedisplay can use the standard ICtCp decode process as described in thestandards and is limited to just RGB output.

Mapping a Six-Primary Color System into Standardized Transport Formats

Each encode and/or decode system fits into existing video serial datastreams that have already been established and standardized. This is keyto industry acceptance. Encoder and/or decoder designs require little orno modification for a six-primary color system to map to these standardserial formats.

FIG. 55 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color system mappingto a SMPTE ST424 standard serial format. The SMPTE ST424/ST425 set ofstandards allow very high sampling systems to be passed through a singlecable. This is done by using alternating data streams, each containingdifferent components of the image. For use with a six-primary colorsystem transport, image formats are limited to RGB due to the absence ofa method to send a full bandwidth Y signal.

The process for mapping a six-primary color system to a SMPTE ST425format is the same as mapping to a SMPTE ST424 format. To fit asix-primary color system into a SMPTE ST425/424 stream involves thefollowing substitutions: G′_(INT)+M′_(INT) is placed in the Green datasegments, R′_(INT) C′_(INT) is placed in the Red data segments, andB′_(INT)+Y′_(INT) is placed into the Blue data segments. FIG. 56illustrates one embodiment of an SMPTE 424 6P readout.

System 2 requires twice the data rate as System 1, so it is notcompatible with SMPTE 424. However, it maps easily into SMPTE ST2082using a similar mapping sequence. In one example, system 2 is used tohave the same data speed defined for 8K imaging to show a 4K image.

FIG. 57 and FIG. 58 illustrate serial digital interfaces for asix-primary color system using the SMPTE ST2082 standard. In oneembodiment, the six-primary color system data is RGBCYM data, which ismapped to the SMPTE ST2082 standard (FIG. 57). In one embodiment, thesix-primary color system data is Y_(RGB) Y_(CYM) C_(R) C_(B) Cc C_(Y)data, which is mapped to the SMPTE ST2082 standard (FIG. 58).

In one embodiment, the standard serial format is SMPTE ST292. SMPTEST292 is an older standard than ST424 and is a single wire format for1.5 GB video, whereas ST424 is designed for up to 3 GB video. However,while ST292 can identify the payload ID of SMPTE ST352, it isconstrained to only accepting an image identified by a hex value, 0h.All other values are ignored. Due to the bandwidth and identificationslimitations in ST292, a component video six-primary color systemincorporates a full bit level luminance component. To fit a six-primarycolor system into a SMPTE ST292 stream involves the followingsubstitutions: E′_(Y) ₆ _(-INT) is placed in the Y data segments,E′_(Cb-INT)+E′_(Cy-INT) is placed in the Cb data segments, andE′_(Cr-INT)+E′_(CC-INT) is placed in the Cr data segments. In anotherembodiment, the standard serial format is SMPTE ST352.

SMPTE ST292 and ST424 Serial Digital Interface (SDI) formats includepayload identification (ID) metadata to help the receiving deviceidentify the proper image parameters. The tables for this needmodification by adding at least one flag identifying that the imagesource is a six-primary color RGB image. Therefore, six-primary colorsystem format additions need to be added. In one embodiment, thestandard is the SMPTE ST352 standard.

FIG. 59 illustrates one embodiment of an SMPTE ST292 6P mapping. FIG. 60illustrates one embodiment of an SMPTE ST292 6P readout.

FIG. 61 illustrates modifications to the SMPTE ST352 standards for asix-primary color system. Hex code “Bh” identifies a constant luminancesource and flag “Fh” indicates the presence of a six-primary colorsystem. In one embodiment, Fh is used in combination with at least oneother identifier located in byte 3. In another embodiment, the Fh flagis set to 0 if the image data is formatted as System 1 and the Fh flagis set to 1 if the image data is formatted as System 2.

In another embodiment, the standard serial format is SMPTE ST2082. Wherea six-primary color system requires more data, it may not always becompatible with SMPTE ST424. However, it maps easily into SMPTE ST2082using the same mapping sequence. This usage would have the same dataspeed defined for 8K imaging in order to display a 4K image.

In another embodiment, the standard serial format is SMPTE ST2022.Mapping to ST2022 is similar to mapping to ST292 and ST242, but as anETHERNET format. The output of the stacker is mapped to the mediapayload based on Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) 3550, established bythe Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). RTP provides end-to-endnetwork transport functions suitable for applications transmittingreal-time data, including, but not limited to, audio, video, and/orsimulation data, over multicast or unicast network services. The datatransport is augmented by a control protocol (RTCP) to allow monitoringof the data delivery in a manner scalable to large multicast networks,and to provide control and identification functionality.

FIG. 62 illustrates one embodiment of a modification for a six-primarycolor system using the SMPTE ST2202 standard. For SMPTE ST2202-6:2012(HBRMT), there are no changes needed in formatting or mapping of the bitpacking. ST2022 relies on header information to correctly configure themedia payload. Parameters for this are established within the payloadheader using the video source format fields including, but not limitedto, MAP, FRAME, FRATE, and/or SAMPLE. MAP, FRAME, and FRATE remain asdescribed in the standard. MAP is used to identify if the input is ST292or ST425 (RGB or Y Cb Cr). SAMPLE is operable for modification toidentify that the image is formatted as a six-primary color systemimage. In one embodiment, the image data is sent using flag “0h”(unknown/unspecified).

In another embodiment, the standard is SMPTE ST2110. SMPTE ST2110 is arelatively new standard and defines moving video through an Internetsystem. The standard is based on development from the IETF and isdescribed under RFC3550. Image data is described through “pgroup”construction. Each pgroup consists of an integer number of octets. Inone embodiment, a sample definition is RGB or YCbCr and is described inmetadata. In one embodiment, the metadata format uses a SessionDescription Protocol (SDP) format. Thus, pgroup construction is definedfor 4:4:4, 4:2:2, and 4:2:0 sampling as 8-bit, 10-bit, 12-bit, and insome cases 16-bit and 16-bit floating point wording. In one embodiment,six-primary color image data is limited to a 10-bit depth. In anotherembodiment, six-primary color image data is limited to a 12-bit depth.Where more than one sample is used, it is described as a set. Forexample, 4:4:4 sampling for blue, as a non-linear RGB set, is describedas C0′B, C1′B, C2′B, C3′B, and C4′B. The lowest number index being leftmost within the image. In another embodiment, the method of substitutionis the same method used to map six-primary color content into the ST2110standard.

In another embodiment, the standard is SMPTE ST2110. SMPTE ST2110-20describes the construction for each pgroup. In one embodiment,six-primary color system content arrives for mapping as non-linear datafor the SMPTE ST2110 standard. In another embodiment, six-primary colorsystem content arrives for mapping as linear data for the SMPTE ST2110standard.

FIG. 63 illustrates a table of 4:4:4 sampling for a six-primary colorsystem for a 10-bit video system. For 4:4:4 10-bit video, 15 octets areused and cover 4 pixels.

FIG. 64 illustrates a table of 4:4:4 sampling for a six-primary colorsystem for a 12-bit video system. For 4:4:4 12-bit video, 9 octets areused and cover 2 pixels before restarting the sequence.

Non-linear GRBMYC image data would arrive as: G′_(INT)+M′_(INT),R′_(INT)+C′_(INT), and B′_(INT)+Y′_(INT). Component substitution wouldfollow what has been described for SMPTE ST424, where G′_(INT)+M′_(INT)is placed in the Green data segments, R′_(INT)+C′_(INT) is placed in theRed data segments, and B′_(INT)+T′_(INT) is placed in the Blue datasegments. The sequence described in the standard is shown as R0′, G0′,B0′, R1′, G1′, B1′, etc.

FIG. 65 illustrates sequence substitutions for 10-bit and 12-bit videoin 4:2:2 sampling systems in a Y Cb Cr Cc Cy color space. Components aredelivered to a 4:2:2 pgroup including, but not limited to, E′_(Y) ₆_(-INT), E′_(Cb-INT)+E′_(Cy-INT) and E′_(Cr-INT)+E′_(CC-INT). For 4:2:210-bit video, 5 octets are used and cover 2 pixels. For 4:2:2 12-bitvideo, 6 octets are used and cover 2 pixels before restarting thesequence. Component substitution follows what has been described forSMPTE ST292, where E′_(Y) ₆ _(-INT) is placed in the Y data segments,E′_(Cb-INT)+E′_(Cy-INT) is placed in the Cb data segments, andE′_(Cr-INT)+E′_(Cc-INT) is placed in the Cr data segments. The sequencedescribed in the standard is shown as Cb0′, Y0′, Cr0′, Y1′, Cr1′, Y3′,Cb2′, Y4′, Cr2′, Y5′, etc. In another embodiment, the video data isrepresented at a bit level other than 10-bit or 12-bit. In anotherembodiment, the sampling system is a sampling system other than 4:2:2.In another embodiment, the standard is STMPE ST2110.

FIG. 66 illustrates sample placements of six-primary system componentsfor a 4:2:2 sampling system image. This follows the substitutionsillustrated in FIG. 65, using a 4:2:2 sampling system.

FIG. 67 illustrates sequence substitutions for 10-bit and 12-bit videoin 4:2:0 sampling systems using a Y Cb Cr Cc Cy color space. Componentsare delivered to a pgroup including, but not limited to, E′_(Y) ₆_(-INT), E′_(Cb-INT)+E′_(Cy-INT), and E′_(Cr-INT)+E′_(CC-INT). For 4:2:010-bit video data, 15 octets are used and cover 8 pixels. For 4:2:012-bit video data, 9 octets are used and cover 4 pixels beforerestarting the sequence. Component substitution follows what isdescribed in SMPTE ST292 where E′_(Y) ₆ _(-INT) is placed in the Y datasegments, E′_(Cb-INT)+E′_(Cy-INT) is placed in the Cb data segments, andE′_(Cr-INT)+E′_(CC-INT) is placed in the Cr data segments. The sequencedescribed in the standard is shown as Y′00, Y′01, Y′, etc.

FIG. 68 illustrates sample placements of six-primary system componentsfor a 4:2:0 sampling system image. This follows the substitutionsillustrated in FIG. 67, using a 4:2:0 sampling system.

FIG. 69 illustrates modifications to SMPTE ST2110-20 for a 10-bitsix-primary color system in 4:4:4 video. SMPTE ST2110-20 describes theconstruction of each “pgroup”. Normally, six-primary color system dataand/or content would arrive for mapping as non-linear. However, with thepresent system there is no restriction on mapping data and/or content.For 4:4:4, 10-bit video, 15 octets are used and cover 4 pixels beforerestarting the sequence. Non-linear, six-primary color system image datawould arrive as G′_(INT), B′_(INT), R′_(INT), M′_(INT), T′_(INT), andC′_(INT). The sequence described in the standard is shown as R0′, G0′,B0′, R1′, G1′, B1′, etc.

FIG. 70 illustrates modifications to SMPTE ST2110-20 for a 12-bitsix-primary color system in 4:4:4 video. For 4:4:4, 12-bit video, 9octets are used and cover 2 pixels before restarting the sequence.Non-linear, six-primary color system image data would arrive asG′_(INT), B′_(INT), R′_(INT), M′_(INT), Y′_(INT), and C′_(INT). Thesequence described in the standard is shown as R0′, G0′, B0′, R1′, G1′,B1′, etc.

FIG. 71 illustrates modifications to SMPTE ST2110-20 for a 10-bit sixprimary color system in 4:2:2 video. Components that are delivered to aSMPTE ST2110 pgroup include, but are not limited to, E′_(Yrgb-INT),E′_(Ycym-INT), E′_(Cb-INT), E′_(Cr-INT), E′_(Cy-INT), and E′_(CC-INT).For 4:2:2, 10-bit video, 5 octets are used and cover 2 pixels beforerestarting the sequence. For 4:2:2:2, 12-bit video, 6 octets are usedand cover 2 pixels before restarting the sequence. Componentsubstitution follows what is described for SMPTE ST292, whereE′_(Yrgb-INT) or E′_(Ycym-INT) are placed in the Y data segments,E′_(Cr-INT) or E′_(Cc-INT) are placed in the Cr data segments, andE′_(Cb-INT) or E′_(Cy-INT) are placed in the Cb data segments. Thesequence described in the standard is shown as Cb′0, Y′0, Cr′0, Y′1,Cb′1, Y′2, Cr′1, Y′3, Cb′2, Y′4, Cr′2, etc.

FIG. 72 illustrates modifications to SMPTE ST2110-20 for a 12-bitsix-primary color system in 4:2:0 video. Components that are deliveredto a SMPTE ST2110 pgroup are the same as with the 4:2:2 method. For4:2:0, 10-bit video, 15 octets are used and cover 8 pixels beforerestarting the sequence. For 4:2:0, 12-bit video, 9 octets are used andcover 4 pixels before restarting the sequence. Component substitutionfollows what is described for SMPTE ST292, where E′_(Yrgb-INT) orE′_(Ycym-INT) are placed in the Y data segments, E′_(Cr-INT) orE′_(CC-INT) are placed in the Cr data segments, and E′_(Cb-INT) orE′_(Cy-INT) are placed in the Cb data segments. The sequence describedin the standard is shown as Y′00, Y′01, Y′, etc.

Session Description Protocol (SDP) Modification for a Six-Primary ColorSystem

SDP is derived from IETF RFC 4566 which sets parameters including, butnot limited to, bit depth and sampling parameters. In one embodiment,SDP parameters are contained within the RTP payload. In anotherembodiment, SDP parameters are contained within the media format andtransport protocol. This payload information is transmitted as text.Therefore, modifications for the additional sampling identifiersrequires the addition of new parameters for the sampling statement. SDPparameters include, but are not limited to, color channel data, imagedata, framerate data, a sampling standard, a flag indicator, an activepicture size code, a timestamp, a clock frequency, a frame count, ascrambling indicator, and/or a video format indicator. For non-constantluminance imaging, the additional parameters include, but are notlimited to, RGBCYM-4:4:4, YBRCY-4:2:2, and YBRCY-4:2:0. For constantluminance signals, the additional parameters include, but are notlimited to, CLYBRCY-4:2:2 and CLYBRCY-4:2:0.

Additionally, differentiation is included with the colorimetryidentifier in one embodiment. For example, 6PB1 defines 6P with a colorgamut limited to ITU-R BT.709 formatted as system 1, 6PB2 defines 6Pwith a color gamut limited to ITU-R BT.709 formatted as system 2, 6PC1defines 6P with a color gamut limited to SMPTE RP 431-2 formatted assystem 1, and 6PC2 defines 6P with a color gamut limited to SMPTE RP431-2 formatted as system 2.

Colorimetry can also be defined between a six-primary color system usingthe ITU-R BT.709-6 standard and the SMPTE ST431-2 standard, orcolorimetry can be left defined as is standard for the desired standard.For example, the SDP parameters for a 1920×1080 six-primary color systemusing the ITU-R BT.709-6 standard with a 10-bit signal as system 1 areas follows: m=video 30000 RTP/AVP 112, a=rtpmap:112 raw/90000,a=fmtp:112, sampling=YBRCY-4:2:2, width=1920, height=1080,exactframerate=30000/1001, depth=10, TCS=SDR, colorimetry=6PB1,PM=2110GPM, SSN=ST2110-20:2017.

In one embodiment, the six-primary color system is integrated with aConsumer Technology Association (CTA) 861-based system. CTA-861establishes protocols, requirements, and recommendations for theutilization of uncompressed digital interfaces by consumer electronicsdevices including, but not limited to, digital televisions (DTVs),digital cable, satellite or terrestrial set-top boxes (STBs), andrelated peripheral devices including, but not limited to, DVD playersand/or recorders, and other related Sources or Sinks.

These systems are provided as parallel systems so that video content isparsed across several line pairs. This enables each video component tohave its own transition-minimized differential signaling (TMDS) path.TMDS is a technology for transmitting high-speed serial data and is usedby the Digital Visual Interface (DVI) and High-Definition MultimediaInterface (HDMI) video interfaces, as well as other digitalcommunication interfaces. TMDS is similar to low-voltage differentialsignaling (LVDS) in that it uses differential signaling to reduceelectromagnetic interference (EMI), enabling faster signal transferswith increased accuracy. In addition, TMDS uses a twisted pair for noisereduction, rather than a coaxial cable that is conventional for carryingvideo signals. Similar to LVDS, data is transmitted serially over thedata link. When transmitting video data, and using HDMI, three TMDStwisted pairs are used to transfer video data.

In such a system, each pixel packet is limited to 8 bits only. For bitdepths higher than 8 bits, fragmented packs are used. This arrangementis no different than is already described in the current CTA-861standard.

Based on CTA extension Version 3, identification of a six-primary colortransmission would be performed by the sink device (e.g., the monitor).Adding recognition of the additional formats would be flagged in the CTAData Block Extended Tag Codes (byte 3). Since codes 33 and above arereserved, any two bits could be used to identify that the format is RGB,RGBCYM, Y Cb Cr, or Y Cb Cr Cc Cy and/or identify System 1 or System 2.Should byte 3 define a six-primary sampling format, and where the block5 extension identifies byte 1 as ITU-R BT.709, then logic assigns as6P-B. However, should byte 4 bit 7 identify colorimetry as DCI-P3, thecolor gamut would be assigned as 6P-C.

FIG. 73 illustrates the current RGB sampling structure for 4:4:4sampling video data transmission. For HDMI 4:4:4 sampling, video data issent through three TMDS line pairs. FIG. 74 illustrates a six-primarycolor sampling structure, RGBCYM, using System 1 for 4:4:4 samplingvideo data transmission. FIG. 75 illustrates an example of System 2 toRGBCYM 4:4:4 transmission. FIG. 76 illustrates current Y Cb Cr 4:2:2sampling transmission as non-constant luminance. FIG. 77 illustrates asix-primary color system (System 1) using Y Cr Cb Cc Cy 4:2:2 samplingtransmission as non-constant luminance. FIG. 78 illustrates an exampleof a System 2 to Y Cr Cb Cc Cy 4:2:2 Transmission as non-constantluminance. FIG. 79 illustrates current Y Cb Cr 4:2:0 samplingtransmission. FIG. 80 illustrates a six-primary color system (System 1)using Y Cr Cb Cc Cy 4:2:0 sampling transmission.

HDMI sampling systems include Extended Display Identification Data(EDID) metadata. EDID metadata describes the capabilities of a displaydevice to a video source. The data format is defined by a standardpublished by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). TheEDID data structure includes, but is not limited to, manufacturer nameand serial number, product type, phosphor or filter type, timingssupported by the display, display size, luminance data, and/or pixelmapping data. The EDID data structure is modifiable and modificationrequires no additional hardware and/or tools.

EDID information is transmitted between the source device and thedisplay through a display data channel (DDC), which is a collection ofdigital communication protocols created by VESA. With EDID providing thedisplay information and DDC providing the link between the display andthe source, the two accompanying standards enable an informationexchange between the display and source.

In addition, VESA has assigned extensions for EDID. Such extensionsinclude, but are not limited to, timing extensions (00), additional timedata black (CEA EDID Timing Extension (02)), video timing blockextensions (VTB-EXT (10)), EDID 2.0 extension (20), display informationextension (DI-EXT (40)), localized string extension (LS-EXT (50)),microdisplay interface extension (MI-EXT (60)), display ID extension(70), display transfer characteristics data block (DTCDB (A7, AF, BF)),block map (F0), display device data block (DDDB (FF)), and/or extensiondefined by monitor manufacturer (FF).

In one embodiment, SDP parameters include data corresponding to apayload identification (ID) and/or EDID information.

Six-Primary Color System Display

FIG. 81 illustrates a dual stack LCD projection system for a six-primarycolor system. In one embodiment, the display is comprised of a dualstack of projectors. This display uses two projectors stacked on top ofone another or placed side by side. Each projector is similar, with theonly difference being the color filters in each unit. Refresh and pixeltimings are synchronized, enabling a mechanical alignment between thetwo units so that each pixel overlays the same position betweenprojector units. In one embodiment, the two projectors areLiquid-Crystal Display (LCD) projectors. In another embodiment, the twoprojectors are Digital Light Processing (DLP) projectors. In yet anotherembodiment, the two projectors are Liquid-Crystal on Silicon (LCOS)projectors. In yet another embodiment, the two projectors areLight-Emitting Diode (LED) projectors.

In one embodiment, the display is comprised of a single projector. Asingle projector six-primary color system requires the addition of asecond cross block assembly for the additional colors. One embodiment ofa single projector (e.g., single LCD projector) is shown in FIG. 82. Asingle projector six-primary color system includes a cyan dichroicmirror, an orange dichroic mirror, a blue dichroic mirror, a reddichroic mirror, and two additional standard mirrors. In one embodiment,the single projector six-primary color system includes at least sixmirrors. In another embodiment, the single projector six-primary colorsystem includes at least two cross block assembly units.

FIG. 83 illustrates a six-primary color system using a single projectorand reciprocal mirrors. In one embodiment, the display is comprised of asingle projector unit working in combination with at first set of atleast six reciprocal mirrors, a second set of at least six reciprocalmirrors, and at least six LCD units. Light from at least one lightsource emits towards the first set of at least six reciprocal mirrors.The first set of at least six reciprocal mirrors reflects light towardsat least one of the at least six LCD units. The at least six LCD unitsinclude, but are not limited to, a Green LCD, a Yellow LCD, a Cyan, LCD,a Red LCD, a Magenta LCD, and/or a Blue LCD. Output from each of the atleast six LCDs is received by the second set of at least six reciprocalmirrors. Output from the second set of at least six reciprocal mirrorsis sent to the single projector unit. Image data output by the singleprojector unit is output as a six-primary color system. In anotherembodiment, there are more than two sets of reciprocal mirrors. Inanother embodiment, more than one projector is used.

In another embodiment, the display is comprised of a dual stack DigitalMicromirror Device (DMD) projector system. FIG. 84 illustrates oneembodiment of a dual stack DMD projector system. In this system, twoprojectors are stacked on top of one another. In one embodiment, thedual stack DMD projector system uses a spinning wheel filter. In anotherembodiment, the dual stack DMD projector system uses phosphortechnology. In one embodiment, the filter systems are illuminated by axenon lamp. In another embodiment, the filter system uses a blue laserilluminator system. Filter systems in one projector are RGB, while thesecond projector uses a CYM filter set. The wheels for each projectorunit are synchronized using at least one of an input video sync or aprojector to projector sync, and timed so that the inverted colors areoutput of each projector at the same time.

In one embodiment, the projectors are phosphor wheel systems. A yellowphosphor wheel spins in time with a DMD imager to output sequential RG.The second projector is designed the same, but uses a cyan phosphorwheel. The output from this projector becomes sequential BG. Combined,the output of both projectors is YRGGCB. Magenta is developed bysynchronizing the yellow and cyan wheels to overlap the flashing DMD.

In another embodiment, the display is a single DMD projector solution. Asingle DMD device is coupled with an RGB diode light source system. Inone embodiment, the DMD projector uses LED diodes. In one embodiment,the DMD projector includes CYM diodes. In another embodiment, the DMDprojector creates CYM primaries using a double flashing technique. FIG.85 illustrates one embodiment of a single DMD projector solution.

FIG. 86 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color system using awhite OLED display. In yet another embodiment, the display is a whiteOLED monitor. Current emissive monitor and/or television designs use awhite emissive OLED array covered by a color filter. Changes to thistype of display only require a change to pixel indexing and new sixcolor primary filters. Different color filter arrays are used, placingeach subpixel in a position that provides the least light restrictions,color accuracy, and off axis display.

FIG. 87 illustrates one embodiment of an optical filter array for awhite OLED display.

FIG. 88 illustrates one embodiment of a matrix of an LCD drive for asix-primary color system with a backlight illuminated LCD monitor. Inyet another embodiment, the display is a backlight illuminated LCDdisplay. The design of an LCD display involves adding the CYM subpixels.Drives for these subpixels are similar to the RGB matrix drives. Withthe advent of 8K LCD televisions, it is technically feasible to changethe matrix drive and optical filter and have a 4K six-primary color TV.

FIG. 89 illustrates one embodiment of an optical filter array for asix-primary color system with a backlight illuminated LCD monitor. Theoptical filter array includes the additional CYM subpixels.

In yet another embodiment, the display is a direct emissive assembleddisplay. The design for a direct emissive assembled display includes amatrix of color emitters grouped as a six-color system. Individualchannel inputs drive each Quantum Dot (QD) element illuminator and/ormicro LED element.

FIG. 90 illustrates an array for a Quantum Dot (QD) display device.

FIG. 91 illustrates one embodiment of an array for a six-primary colorsystem for use with a direct emissive assembled display.

FIG. 92 illustrates one embodiment of a six-primary color system in anemissive display that does not incorporate color filtered subpixels. ForLCD and WOLED displays, this can be modified for a six-primary colorsystem by expanding the RGB or WRGB filter arrangement to an RGBCYMmatrix. For WRGB systems, the white subpixel could be removed as theluminance of the three additional primaries will replace it. SDI videois input through an SDI decoder. In one embodiment, the SDI decoderoutputs to a Y CrCbCcCy-RGBCYM converter. The converter outputs RGBCYMdata, with the luminance component (Y) subtracted. RGBCYM data is thenconverted to RGB data. This RGB data is sent to a scale sync generationcomponent, receives adjustments to image controls, contrast, brightness,chroma, and saturation, is sent to a color correction component, andoutput to the display panel as LVDS data. In another embodiment the SDIdecoder outputs to an SDI Y-R switch component. The SDI Y-R switchcomponent outputs RGBCYM data. The RGBCYM data is sent to a scale syncgeneration component, receives adjustments to image controls, contrast,brightness, chroma, and saturation, is sent to a color correctioncomponent, and output to a display panel as LVDS data.

FIG. 93 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the inventionillustrating a computer system, generally described as 800, having anetwork 810, a plurality of computing devices 820, 830, 840, a server850, and a database 870.

The server 850 is constructed, configured, and coupled to enablecommunication over a network 810 with a plurality of computing devices820, 830, 840. The server 850 includes a processing unit 851 with anoperating system 852. The operating system 852 enables the server 850 tocommunicate through network 810 with the remote, distributed userdevices. Database 870 may house an operating system 872, memory 874, andprograms 876.

In one embodiment of the invention, the system 800 includes a network810 for distributed communication via a wireless communication antenna812 and processing by at least one mobile communication computing device830. Alternatively, wireless and wired communication and connectivitybetween devices and components described herein include wireless networkcommunication such as WI-FI, WORLDWIDE INTEROPERABILITY FOR MICROWAVEACCESS (WIMAX), Radio Frequency (RF) communication including RFidentification (RFID), NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC), BLUETOOTHincluding BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY (BLE), ZIGBEE, Infrared (IR)communication, cellular communication, satellite communication,Universal Serial Bus (USB), Ethernet communications, communication viafiber-optic cables, coaxial cables, twisted pair cables, and/or anyother type of wireless or wired communication. In another embodiment ofthe invention, the system 800 is a virtualized computing system capableof executing any or all aspects of software and/or applicationcomponents presented herein on the computing devices 820, 830, 840. Incertain aspects, the computer system 800 may be implemented usinghardware or a combination of software and hardware, either in adedicated computing device, or integrated into another entity, ordistributed across multiple entities or computing devices.

By way of example, and not limitation, the computing devices 820, 830,840 are intended to represent various forms of electronic devicesincluding at least a processor and a memory, such as a server, bladeserver, mainframe, mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA),smartphone, desktop computer, notebook computer, tablet computer,workstation, laptop, and other similar computing devices. The componentsshown here, their connections and relationships, and their functions,are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limitimplementations of the invention described and/or claimed in the presentapplication.

In one embodiment, the computing device 820 includes components such asa processor 860, a system memory 862 having a random access memory (RAM)864 and a read-only memory (ROM) 866, and a system bus 868 that couplesthe memory 862 to the processor 860. In another embodiment, thecomputing device 830 may additionally include components such as astorage device 890 for storing the operating system 892 and one or moreapplication programs 894, a network interface unit 896, and/or aninput/output controller 898. Each of the components may be coupled toeach other through at least one bus 868. The input/output controller 898may receive and process input from, or provide output to, a number ofother devices 899, including, but not limited to, alphanumeric inputdevices, mice, electronic styluses, display units, touch screens, signalgeneration devices (e.g., speakers), or printers.

By way of example, and not limitation, the processor 860 may be ageneral-purpose microprocessor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)),a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, a Digital SignalProcessor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), aField Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD),a controller, a state machine, gated or transistor logic, discretehardware components, or any other suitable entity or combinationsthereof that can perform calculations, process instructions forexecution, and/or other manipulations of information.

In another implementation, shown as 840 in FIG. 93 multiple processors860 and/or multiple buses 868 may be used, as appropriate, along withmultiple memories 862 of multiple types (e.g., a combination of a DSPand a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or moremicroprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core).

Also, multiple computing devices may be connected, with each deviceproviding portions of the necessary operations (e.g., a server bank, agroup of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). Alternatively,some steps or methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific toa given function.

According to various embodiments, the computer system 800 may operate ina networked environment using logical connections to local and/or remotecomputing devices 820, 830, 840 through a network 810. A computingdevice 830 may connect to a network 810 through a network interface unit896 connected to a bus 868. Computing devices may communicatecommunication media through wired networks, direct-wired connections orwirelessly, such as acoustic, RF, or infrared, through an antenna 897 incommunication with the network antenna 812 and the network interfaceunit 896, which may include digital signal processing circuitry whennecessary. The network interface unit 896 may provide for communicationsunder various modes or protocols.

In one or more exemplary aspects, the instructions may be implemented inhardware, software, firmware, or any combinations thereof. A computerreadable medium may provide volatile or non-volatile storage for one ormore sets of instructions, such as operating systems, data structures,program modules, applications, or other data embodying any one or moreof the methodologies or functions described herein. The computerreadable medium may include the memory 862, the processor 860, and/orthe storage media 890 and may be a single medium or multiple media(e.g., a centralized or distributed computer system) that store the oneor more sets of instructions 900. Non-transitory computer readable mediaincludes all computer readable media, with the sole exception being atransitory, propagating signal per se. The instructions 900 may furtherbe transmitted or received over the network 810 via the networkinterface unit 896 as communication media, which may include a modulateddata signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism andincludes any deliver media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics changed or set in amanner as to encode information in the signal.

Storage devices 890 and memory 862 include, but are not limited to,volatile and non-volatile media such as cache, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM,FLASH memory, or other solid state memory technology, discs (e.g.,digital versatile discs (DVD), HD-DVD, BLU-RAY, compact disc (CD), orCD-ROM) or other optical storage; magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,magnetic disk storage, floppy disks, or other magnetic storage devices;or any other medium that can be used to store the computer readableinstructions and which can be accessed by the computer system 800.

In one embodiment, the computer system 800 is within a cloud-basednetwork. In one embodiment, the server 850 is a designated physicalserver for distributed computing devices 820, 830, and 840. In oneembodiment, the server 850 is a cloud-based server platform. In oneembodiment, the cloud-based server platform hosts serverless functionsfor distributed computing devices 820, 830, and 840.

In another embodiment, the computer system 800 is within an edgecomputing network. The server 850 is an edge server, and the database870 is an edge database. The edge server 850 and the edge database 870are part of an edge computing platform. In one embodiment, the edgeserver 850 and the edge database 870 are designated to distributedcomputing devices 820, 830, and 840. In one embodiment, the edge server850 and the edge database 870 are not designated for computing devices820, 830, and 840. The distributed computing devices 820, 830, and 840are connected to an edge server in the edge computing network based onproximity, availability, latency, bandwidth, and/or other factors.

It is also contemplated that the computer system 800 may not include allof the components shown in FIG. 93 may include other components that arenot explicitly shown in FIG. 93 or may utilize an architecturecompletely different than that shown in FIG. 93 The various illustrativelogical blocks, modules, elements, circuits, and algorithms described inconnection with the embodiments discussed herein may be implemented aselectronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. Toclearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software,various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and stepshave been described above generally in terms of their functionality.Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or softwaredepends upon the particular application and design constraints imposedon the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the describedfunctionality in varying ways for each particular application (e.g.,arranged in a different order or positioned in a different way), butsuch implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing adeparture from the scope of the present invention.

The above-mentioned examples are provided to serve the purpose ofclarifying the aspects of the invention, and it will be apparent to oneskilled in the art that they do not serve to limit the scope of theinvention. By nature, this invention is highly adjustable, customizableand adaptable. The above-mentioned examples are just some of the manyconfigurations that the mentioned components can take on. Allmodifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake ofconciseness and readability but are properly within the scope of thepresent invention.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system for converting a multi-primarycolor system for display, comprising: a set of image data, wherein theset of image data includes a bit level, a first set of color channeldata, and a second set of color channel data; an image data converter;and a standardized transport format; wherein the image data converter isoperable to convert the bit level of the set of image data, therebycreating an updated bit level; and wherein the standardized transportformat is operable to receive the first set of color channel data andthe second set of color channel data as a combined set of image data,wherein the combined set of image data has a combined bit level equal tothe bit level of the set of image data.
 2. The system of claim 1,wherein the first set of color channel data is a set of values for red(R), green (G), and blue (B) primaries and the second set of colorchannel data is a set of values for cyan (C), yellow (Y), and magenta(M) primaries.
 3. The system of claim 1, further including at least onetransfer function (TF), wherein the at least one TF quantizes the bitlevel of the set of image data to a lower bit level, thereby creatingthe updated bit level for the set of image data.
 4. The system of claim1, wherein the set of image data is converted by the image dataconverter in real-time and/or near real-time.
 5. The system of claim 1,further including at least one electronic luminance component, whereinthe electronic luminance component is derived from the set of imagedata.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the image data converterincludes a digital interface, wherein the digital interface is operableto encode and decode the set of image data.
 7. The system of claim 1,wherein the image data converter is operable to convert the set of imagedata using a pixel delay.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the set ofimage data includes a magenta (M) primary value and wherein the magentaprimary value is determined based on the set of image data.
 9. A systemfor converting a multi-primary color system for display, comprising: aset of image data, wherein the set of image data includes a bit level, afirst set of color channel data and a second set of color channel data;an image data converter; a standardized transport format; and a set ofSession Description Protocol (SDP) parameters, wherein the set of SDPparameters is modifiable; wherein the image data converter is operableto convert the bit level of the set of image data, thereby creating anupdated bit level; and wherein the standardized transport format isoperable to receive the first set of color channel data and the secondset of color channel data as a combined set of image data, wherein thecombined set of image data has a combined bit level equal to the bitlevel of the set of image data.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein thefirst set of color channel data is a set of values for red (R), green(G), and blue (B) primaries and the second set of color channel data isa set of values for cyan (C), yellow (Y), and magenta (M) primaries. 11.The system of claim 9, wherein the first set of color channel datadefines a first minimum color luminance and a first maximum colorluminance, wherein the second set of color channel data defines a secondminimum color luminance and a second maximum color luminance.
 12. Thesystem of claim 9, further including at least one transfer function(TF), wherein the at least one TF quantizes a bit level of the set ofimage data to a lower bit level, thereby creating the updated bit levelfor the set of image data.
 13. The system of claim 9, wherein a peakbrightness and a minimum brightness are calculated for the first set ofcolor channel data and the second set of color channel data.
 14. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the SDP parameters includes the first set ofcolor channel data, the second set of color channel data, mapping datafor the set of image data, framerate data for the set of image data, asampling standard for the set of image data, a flag indicator, an activepicture size code, a timestamp for the set of image data, a clockfrequency for the set of image data, a frame count for the set of imagedata, a scrambling indicator, and/or a video format indicator.
 15. Thesystem of claim 9, further including a set of saturation datacorresponding to the set of image data, wherein the set of saturationdata is calculated using the first set of color channel data, the secondset of color channel data, and an illuminant white point.
 16. The systemof claim 9, wherein the first set of color channel data includes a firstbit value defining black and a second bit value defining white, andwherein the second set of color channel data includes a third bit valuedefining black and a fourth bit level defining white.
 17. A system forconverting a multi-primary color system for display, comprising: a setof image data, wherein the set of image data includes a bit level, afirst set of color channel data, and a second set of color channel data;an image data converter, wherein the image data converter includes adigital interface, wherein the digital interface is operable to encodeand decode the set of image data; and a standardized transport format;wherein the image data converter is operable to convert the bit level ofthe set of image data to a new bit level; and wherein the standardizedtransport format is operable to receive the first set of color channeldata and the second set of color channel data as a combined set of imagedata, wherein the combined set of image data has a combined bit levelequal to the bit level of the set of image data.
 18. The system of claim17, wherein the set of image data includes red (R), green (G), blue (B),cyan (C), yellow (Y), and magenta (M) color primary values.
 19. Thesystem of claim 17, wherein the digital interface includes payloadidentification (ID) metadata, wherein the payload ID metadata isoperable to identify the set of image data as a multi-primary color setof image data.
 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the digital interfaceencodes and decodes the set of image data using at least one colordifference component, wherein the at least one color differencecomponent is operable for up-sampling and/or down-sampling.